TURKEY

Welcome to Turkey! Where East meets West, ancient empires rise from the dust, and vibrant cultures blend seamlessly. Prepare to be captivated by stunning landscapes, rich history, and delicious cuisine, spanning from sun-drenched coasts to dramatic plateaus.

Region: Primarily West Asia, with a small part in Southeast Europe (straddling both continents)

Capital: Ankara

Official Language: Turkish

Level of Travel Safety: Exercise a degree of caution due to the threat of terrorism and the possibility of demonstrations. Avoid areas near the Syrian and Iraqi borders.

A map of Europe with Turkey highlighted in green.

Why Visit Turkey?

Rich History: Ancient ruins like Ephesus and Troy offer insight into millennia of civilization.

Iconic Landmarks: From Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque to the Cappadocia fairy chimneys.

Unique Culture: Experience Turkish hospitality, unique art, and a fusion of Eastern and Western influences.

Hot air balloons floating over unique rock formations in Cappadocia, Turkey.

Delicious Cuisine: Feast on meze, kebabs, and baklava; don’t miss traditional Turkish delight.

Natural Wonders: Stunning landscapes like the Cotton Castle (Pamukkale) hot springs and the turquoise coast.

Vibrant Cities: Istanbul blends modernity with ancient architecture, while Ankara is a hub of culture and politics.

The Galata Tower rising above the city skyline of Istanbul, Turkey.

Essential Trip Information

Turkey’s visa policy varies by nationality. Check official requirements at www.evisa.gov.tr.

Many nationalities (e.g., U.S., UK, EU) can apply for an e-Visa (US$50–80) online before arrival.

Passports must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your stay.

Immigration may ask for proof of onward travel, accommodation, or sufficient funds (US$50/day recommended).

The official currency is the Turkish Lira (TRY). Currency exchange is widely available.

Best Ways to Handle Currency:

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount of money at local bureaus; Turkish ATMs often provide better rates.
  • During Your Trip: Use ATMs (mainly in cities) for the best exchange rates. Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are commonly accepted, but carry TRY for small vendors.
  • What to Avoid: Avoid exchange kiosks in touristy areas due to high rates.

The official language is Turkish, but English is commonly understood in tourist areas.

Helpful phrases: “Excuse me” (Afedersiniz), “Thank you” (Teşekkür ederim), “Where is…?” (Nerede…?)

Turkey is generally safe for tourists, but exercise caution in crowded areas and avoid isolated places at night.

Pickpockets may be found in busy areas like Grand Bazaar and public transport.

Emergency number: 112 (Police, Ambulance, Fire).

No mandatory vaccinations required for travelers.

Travel insurance is recommended (healthcare in Turkey can be expensive for tourists).

Pharmacies (Eczane) are widely available; tap water is safe in most cities, but bottled water is preferred.

Public Transport: Istanbul has an efficient metro, tram, and bus system. Use the Istanbulkart for easy access.

Taxis: Reliable but make sure the meter is used.

Walking/Biking: Many attractions are within walking distance in cities like Istanbul.

Ride-sharing: Uber is available, though local taxis are often more common.

Istanbul and major cities can be moderately expensive, but rural regions offer more affordable options.

Accommodation:

  • Budget: Hostels/budget hotels (US$25–50/night)
  • Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$75–150/night)
  • Luxury: 4-5 star hotels (US$200+/night)

Food:

  • Quick eats: Street food (US$3–10)
  • Casual dining: Restaurants (US$15–30/person)
  • Fine dining: High-end restaurants (US$40+/person)

Drinks:

  • Beer: (US$3–5) at bars; (US$1–2) at supermarkets
  • Cocktails: (US$8–15)

Transportation:

  • Public transport: Metro, tram (US$1–2/ride)
  • Taxis/Uber: (US$5–15 for short trips)
  • Bike rentals: (US$3–8/hour)

Money-Saving Tips

  • Visit historic sites like Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque (free).

  • Use Istanbulkart for affordable public transport.

  • Dine in local districts (like Kadıköy) for more affordable yet delicious meals.

Explore Turkey

A vibrant metropolis where East meets West, spanning two continents. Explore historical wonders like the Hagia Sophia and Blue Mosque, wander through the Grand Bazaar, and cruise the Bosphorus. (Located in Northwestern Turkey, straddling Europe and Asia).

Famous for its unique “fairy chimney” rock formations and ancient cave dwellings. Enjoy hot air balloon rides at sunrise, explore underground cities, and hike through stunning valleys. (Located in Central Anatolia).

Discover one of the best-preserved ancient Roman cities in the Mediterranean. Walk through the Library of Celsus, the Grand Theater, and the Temple of Artemis ruins. (Located on the Aegean Coast, near Izmir).

Meaning “Cotton Castle,” this natural site boasts stunning white travertine terraces filled with mineral-rich thermal waters. Nearby are the ancient Roman ruins of Hierapolis. (Located in Southwestern Turkey, Denizli Province).

A beautiful coastal city on the Mediterranean, known for its stunning beaches, ancient ruins, and a charming old town (Kaleiçi). It’s a gateway to the Turkish Riviera. (Located on Turkey’s Mediterranean coast).

Home to the famous Blue Lagoon, this region offers paragliding over turquoise waters, boat trips to Butterfly Valley, and ancient Lycian rock tombs. (Located on the Mediterranean coast in Southwestern Turkey).

Step back in time to the legendary city of the Trojan War. Explore the archaeological site, see the replica Trojan Horse, and learn about its mythical past. (Located in Northwestern Turkey, near the Dardanelles Strait).

A chic Aegean resort town known for its vibrant nightlife, medieval castle, and beautiful marinas. It’s a popular destination for yachting and luxury travel. (Located on the Aegean Coast in Southwestern Turkey).

 The capital city of Turkey, offering a blend of modern and historical sites. Visit Anıtkabir, Atatürk’s mausoleum, and explore the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations. (Located in Central Anatolia).

A lush, green region with dramatic coastlines, tea plantations, and historical treasures. The Sumela Monastery, perched precariously on a cliff face, is a must-see. (Located in Northeastern Turkey, along the Black Sea coast).

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Authentic Local Vibe
  • Winter Sports (excluding peak)
  • Cozy Atmosphere

Main Drawbacks:

  • Cold Temperatures
  • Shorter Days
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (non-ski)
  • Some closures

Key Regions:

  • Istanbul: Enjoy museums and historical sites without the summer rush.
  • Cappadocia: Magical snowy landscapes and fewer hot air balloon cancellations.
  • Thermal Springs (Pamukkale): Experience the warm mineral waters in cooler weather.
  • Eastern Turkey: Ideal for ski resorts like Palandöken.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events
  • Blooming Landscapes (Spring) & Autumn Colors (Autumn)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Unpredictable Weather (early Spring/late Autumn)
  • Some popular sites can still be busy on weekends
  • Prices start to creep up from low season

Key Regions:

  • Aegean Coast (Izmir, Ephesus): Perfect for historical sites and coastal towns.
  • Mediterranean Coast (Antalya, Fethiye): Enjoy pleasant beach weather before the crowds.
  • Cappadocia: Excellent for hot air ballooning and hiking in mild conditions.
  • Istanbul: Ideal for exploring the city on foot with comfortable temperatures.
  • Black Sea Region: Lush green landscapes and cooler weather, perfect for nature.
  • Mid-Summer (June-August)
  • Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
  • Peak Ski Season (January-February)

Planning Your Trip

Politics: Politics are often discussed, but it’s best to avoid contentious subjects with locals unless you know them well.

Tipping: Tipping is common in Turkey. For restaurants, a 10–15% tip is appreciated. Leave US$1–2 per bag for hotel porters.

Dress Code: While casual clothing is acceptable for sightseeing, modest dress is recommended when visiting religious sites.

Greeting: A handshake is standard, and it’s polite to use formal titles, especially in business or rural areas.

Free Attractions: Many mosques and historical sites, including the Hagia Sophia, are free to enter.

Accommodation: Budget hotels/hostels (US$25–50), mid-range (US$70–150), luxury (US$200+).

Food: Street food (US$3–8), casual meals (US$10–20), fine dining (US$30+).

Transport: Public transport (US$1–2), taxis (starting US$2), rental cars (US$25–50/day).

Activities: Museum entries (US$5–10), guided tours (US$25–50), hot air balloon rides (Cappadocia, US$150+).

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$50–80 (hostels, street food, public transport).

  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (mid-range hotels, restaurants, activities).

  • Luxury: US$350+ (luxury hotels, private tours, fine dining).

Free Wi-Fi: Available in most cafes, restaurants, hotels, and shopping malls.

SIM Cards: Prepaid SIM cards are available at airports, convenience stores, and mobile shops (US$10–20 for 10GB).

eSIMs: Supported by major Turkish providers like Turkcell and Vodafone.

Recommended for: Medical coverage, trip delays (especially during winter months in rural areas).

Turkish Healthcare: Emergency medical costs can be high—ensure your insurance covers emergency treatment.

Adventure Activities: Some policies may exclude activities like paragliding or hot air ballooning, so check coverage details before booking.

Turkey offers a wide range of accommodation, from luxurious resorts to budget-friendly guesthouses.

Hotels:

  • Luxury: The Ritz-Carlton (Istanbul), Maxx Royal (Antalya), Four Seasons (Bodrum).
  • Mid-range: Sultanahmet Palace (Istanbul), Divan (Ankara), Wyndham (Izmir).
  • Budget: Cheers Hostel (Istanbul), Old Town Hostel (Cappadocia).

Hostels:

  • Bahaus Hostel (Istanbul) or Kadir’s Treehouse (Olympos) for affordable, social stays.

Airbnb/VRBO:

  • Rent apartments or houses in Istanbul’s Beyoğlu or Antalya’s Old Town for more local experiences.

Boutique Stays:

  • The House Hotel (Istanbul) or Museum Hotel (Cappadocia) for a more personalized stay.

Tip: Staying in the Sultanahmet or Beyoğlu districts in Istanbul offers convenient access to major attractions like Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque.

Turkey is well-connected with a variety of transport options, especially in larger cities.

Air Travel:

  • Turkey has a robust domestic flight network. Turkish Airlines and Pegasus are the most popular carriers.
  • Flying between major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Izmir is quick and affordable.

Trains:

  • High-speed trains (HSR) connect major cities like Istanbul, Ankara, and Eskişehir.
  • More scenic and leisurely trains are available for longer routes.

Buses:

  • Intercity buses are a popular and affordable option for travel between towns and cities.
  • Comfortable buses, including night buses, are available, with tickets starting from US$10–15.

Taxis/Rideshares:

  • Taxis are widely available in cities. Ensure the driver uses the meter, or agree on the fare upfront.
  • Rideshare apps like Uber and BiTaksi operate in larger cities like Istanbul.

Biking/Scooters:

  • Rent bikes or e-scooters in coastal cities like Izmir and Antalya for a more leisurely way to explore.
  • Cycling is also an option in smaller cities and towns.

Car Rental:

  • Renting a car is ideal for exploring rural areas, like Cappadocia or the Mediterranean coast.
  • Parking can be challenging in large cities, so it’s better to rely on public transport for city tours.

Handy Tips

Turkey’s official currency is the Turkish Lira (₺). Banknotes come in ₺5, ₺10, ₺20, ₺50, ₺100, and ₺200 denominations; coins include 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 kuruş, and 1 lira coins.

Exchanging Currency: Exchange your money at banks or currency exchange offices for better rates. Avoid changing money at airports as they tend to offer poorer rates.

Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in major cities, but always carry small bills for tips, street vendors, or small purchases.

Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is expected in many situations:

  • Restaurants/Bars: 10–15% of the bill (check if gratuity is already included).
  • Taxis/Rideshares: Round up or leave 5–10% as a tip.
  • Hotel Staff: ₺5–10 per bag for porters; ₺5–10 per day for housekeeping.
  • Tour Guides: ₺20–50 per person for group tours.

Turkish is the official language of Turkey, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Helpful phrases:

  • “Where is the nearest bus station?”

  • “How much is this?”

  • “Can I get a receipt?”

  • Pro Tip: While many Turks speak English, it is appreciated if you learn a few basic Turkish words like Merhaba (hello) or Teşekkür ederim (thank you).

Turkey is generally safe, but as with any major tourist destination, be aware of your surroundings. Avoid crowded areas in big cities like Istanbul, and stay alert in tourist-heavy zones.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 112: All emergencies (police, medical, fire).

    • 155: Police.

    • 110: Fire.

    • 112: Ambulance.

    • Your Embassy: Keep embassy details handy for emergencies.

Turkey uses 220V/50Hz with Type F plugs (two round pins). International visitors will need an adapter; converters are rarely needed for modern electronics.

Tap water is not recommended for drinking in most areas. Opt for bottled water (cheap and widely available). Restaurants serve bottled water—ask for “şişe su” (shee-sheh soo).

Public holidays in Turkey include:

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • 23 Apr: National Sovereignty and Children’s Day

  • 19 May: Atatürk Memorial, Youth and Sports Day

  • 30 Aug: Victory Day

  • 4 Oct: Republic Day

  • 15–17 Jun: Eid al-Fitr

  • 27 Jul–2 Aug: Eid al-Adha
    Note: Public offices, banks, and some businesses close on these days, particularly during Eid celebrations.

Stores: Typically 9:00–19:00. Shopping malls stay open later, and some in Istanbul may open until 22:00.

Pharmacies: Often open 24/7 in larger cities.

Farmers’ Markets: Common on weekends (e.g., Kadıköy Market, Istanbul).

Menemen: Scrambled eggs cooked with tomatoes, peppers, and spices in olive oil—perfect for breakfast.

Simit: Sesame-encrusted bread rings sold by street vendors—crunchy, chewy, addictive.

Kebap (varieties): From Adana (spicy, minced meat) to Iskender (served over pita with yogurt and tomato sauce).

Manti: Tiny Turkish dumplings filled with spiced meat, topped with yogurt and garlic butter.

Dolma & Sarma: Grape leaves or vegetables stuffed with seasoned rice or ground meat.

Lahmacun: Thin-crust flatbread topped with spiced minced meat, herbs, and lemon juice—Turkey’s answer to pizza.

Pide: Boat-shaped flatbread filled with cheese, meats, or eggs—baked to perfection in wood-fired ovens.

Kumpir: Overloaded baked potatoes stuffed with cheese, sausage, olives, and pickles—popular in Istanbul’s Ortaköy.

Baklava: Rich, flaky pastry layered with pistachios or walnuts, soaked in syrup.

Künefe: Warm dessert made with shredded pastry, melted cheese, and sweet syrup—served hot, gooey, and indulgent.

Alcoholic:

  • Kalecik Karası: Indigenous Turkish red wine grape—soft, fruity, and grown near Ankara.

  • Öküzgözü: Full-bodied red wine from eastern Anatolia—notes of cherry and spice.

  • Narince: Turkish white wine grape with floral aromas—great with seafood.

  • Efes Pilsen: Turkey’s most iconic lager—widely available and refreshing.

  • Bomonti: A maltier beer with craft variations—popular in Istanbul’s bar scene.

  • Rakı: The national drink—anise-flavored and traditionally mixed with water (“lion’s milk”).

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Çay (Turkish Tea): Served in tulip-shaped glasses—strong, black, and ever-present.

  • Turkish Coffee: Thick, sludgy, and rich—served with a sugar preference and fortune reading in the grounds.

  • Ayran: Salty yogurt drink—cold, frothy, and surprisingly refreshing on hot days.

  • Boza: Fermented millet drink—thick, tangy, and served warm in winter.

  • Salep: Sweet, hot milk drink made with orchid root—creamy and comforting.

Hagia Sophia & Blue Mosque: Istanbul’s iconic landmarks.

Ephesus: Ancient Roman ruins (library of Celsus).

Pamukkale: Cotton Castle thermal pools.

Topkapı Palace: Ottoman sultans’ lavish home.

Göbeklitepe: Oldest temple in the world (12,000 years old!).

Troy: Legendary ancient city (wooden horse replica).

Mount Nemrut: Giant stone heads at sunrise.

Safranbolu: UNESCO-listed Ottoman houses.

Antalya Old Town: Cobbled streets and Roman harbor.

Hidden Gem: Sumela Monastery (cliffside retreat in Trabzon).

Hammams (Turkish Baths): Çemberlitaş (Istanbul) for a traditional scrub.

Bosphorus Cruise: Sunset ferry ride between Europe and Asia.

Hot Air Ballooning: Cappadocia at sunrise (bucket-list experience).

Whirling Dervishes: Ceremonial dance in Istanbul or Konya.

Beaches: Ölüdeniz (paragliding) or Patara (12km sandy stretch).

Nightlife: Istanbul’s Beyoğlu or Bodrum’s beach clubs.

Hiking: Lycian Way or Pamukkale’s travertines.

Underground Cities: Derinkuyu (Cappadocia).

Festivals: Istanbul Film Festival (April) or Camel Wrestling (winter).

Bargaining: A must in bazaars (start at 50% of the asking price).

Babylon Istanbul: Legendary live music venue—jazz, indie, world beats.

360 Istanbul: Rooftop bar with panoramic city views, DJs, and flashy cocktails.

Mikla Bar: Nordic-meets-Turkish cocktails with skyline views from the Marmara Pera Hotel.

Karga Bar (Kadıköy): Indie hangout in a wood-beamed house—laid-back and creative.

Sefahathane (Ankara): Bohemian bar-meets-bookstore with poetry readings and rakı nights.

Nardis Jazz Club: Cozy venue near Galata Tower—great acoustics and local jazz talent.

Mentha: Trendy rooftop bar above the Swissôtel—dress up, sip slow.

Zarifi: Mediterranean club with meze, belly dancing, and a party vibe.

Nevizade Street: Narrow alley of meyhanes where nights stretch long and lively.

Kumbaracı Yokuşu: A sloping street of cocktail bars and art spaces—especially vibrant on weekends.