THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST

The Pacific Northwest, a dynamic region in western North America, is characterized by its stunning natural beauty, from towering volcanoes and dense temperate rainforests to rugged coastlines. While its exact boundaries can vary, it generally encompasses the U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, and the Canadian province of British Columbia. This area boasts a rich Indigenous history, a strong connection to nature, and a vibrant economy driven by technology, aerospace, and natural resources.

Region: North America (Northwestern United States and Southwestern Canada)

Capital: No single capital (major cities include Seattle, Portland, Vancouver, BC)

Official Language: English (primarily); French (in British Columbia)

Level of Travel Safety: Generally safe. Exercise normal precautions, especially in urban centers. Wilderness travel requires awareness of local conditions and wildlife.

A map of North America with the Pacific Northwest (Alaska, Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, Yukon) highlighted in green.

Why Visit the Pacific Northwest?

Epic Nature Everywhere: Towering evergreens, waterfalls, and mountains meet the Pacific Ocean. Hike in the Olympic National Park, or kayak around Vancouver Island.

World-Class Cities with Soul: Seattle’s tech skyline, Portland’s indie charm, and Vancouver’s global flair each offer distinct urban vibes.

Coffee, Craft Beer & Cuisine: The birthplace of Starbucks and a haven for third-wave cafés, microbreweries, and seafood-forward menus.

A calm lake reflecting a snow-capped mountain and a blue sky with clouds.

Indigenous Cultures & Art: Explore vibrant traditions through museums and galleries, especially in British Columbia.

Sustainable & Progressive: This region leads in eco-conscious living, with abundant green spaces and a commitment to the outdoors.

Quirky & Creative: Home to techies, artists, and dreamers. Expect bookstores in old churches, street art, and forest festivals.

The Vancouver skyline reflected in the water, with mountains in the background under a cloudy sky.

Essential Trip Information

The U.S. and Canada have separate entry requirements.

U.S.:

  • Citizens of Visa Waiver Program countries can apply for an ESTA (US$21) at least 72 hours before departure.
  • Others must apply for a B-1/B-2 tourist visa.
  • Visit the official U.S. visa site.

Canada:

Passports must be valid for at least six months beyond your intended departure.

Be prepared to show onward travel, accommodation bookings, and proof of funds.

  • U.S.: U.S. Dollar (US$); Canada: Canadian Dollar (C$).

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount. Use ATMs at major banks (Bank of America, Chase, RBC, TD Canada Trust).

  • During Your Trip: Widely accepted credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard). Carry US$20–50 or C$30–50 for small purchases.

  • Avoid: Currency exchange kiosks at airports; always choose local currency when using cards abroad.

English is the main language across the region.

French is co-official in Canada (especially on signage in BC), but rarely spoken.

Useful phrases: “Excuse me,” “Thank you,” “How do I get to…?”

The region is generally very safe.

Exercise normal precautions at night in certain downtown areas (e.g., parts of Portland or Seattle).

Pickpocketing can occur in crowded public transit or festivals.

Emergency number: 911 (U.S. & Canada).

No special vaccinations required.

Tap water is safe and clean.

Pharmacies: CVS, Walgreens (U.S.), Shoppers Drug Mart, London Drugs (Canada).

Travel insurance strongly recommended due to high U.S. healthcare costs.

Seattle: Light rail, buses, ferries (ORCA card)

Portland: MAX light rail and buses (Hop Fastpass)

Vancouver: SkyTrain, SeaBus, buses (Compass Card)

Driving is common for road trips; roads are well-maintained.

Amtrak Cascades connects Seattle–Portland–Vancouver.

Ride-shares (Uber/Lyft) widely available; bikes and scooters are popular in cities.

Overall, the Pacific Northwest is moderate to expensive, especially in Seattle and Vancouver.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Hostels, motels – US$60–100 / night

  • Mid-range: Boutique hotels, 3-stars – US$150–220 / night

  • Luxury: 4–5 star hotels – US$300+ / night

Food

  • Quick eats: Food carts, casual cafés – US$8–15

  • Casual restaurants: US$20–35/person

  • Fine dining: US$60+/person

Drinks

  • Craft beer: US$6–10 / C$7–12

  • Cocktails: US$12–18 / C$15–22

Transportation

  • Public transit: US$2.75–3.25 per ride (Seattle, Portland, Vancouver); Day passes available.

  • Ride-sharing: US$10–25 for city trips

  • Bike rentals: US$8–15/hour (Lime, Biketown, Mobi)

Money-Saving Tips

  • Free outdoor adventures: Many scenic parks are free or have low entry fees.

  • Portland has no sales tax—shop smart.

  • In Vancouver, consider a Compass Card DayPass for unlimited transit use (C$11.25).

Explore the Pacific Northwest

A vibrant city known for its coffee culture, tech industry, and iconic Space Needle. Located in western Washington, on Puget Sound.

Renowned for its quirky charm, thriving food scene, craft breweries, and abundant green spaces. Situated in northwestern Oregon, at the confluence of the Willamette and Columbia Rivers.

A bustling cosmopolitan city nestled between mountains and the Pacific Ocean, offering diverse culture and stunning natural beauty. Located on the mainland of southwestern British Columbia.

The charming capital of British Columbia, known for its British colonial architecture, vibrant gardens, and picturesque harbor. Situated on the southern tip of Vancouver Island.

A UNESCO World Heritage site boasting diverse ecosystems, from rugged coastlines and temperate rainforests to glacier-capped mountains. Located on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington.A UNESCO World Heritage site boasting diverse ecosystems, from rugged coastlines and temperate rainforests to glacier-capped mountains. Located on the Olympic Peninsula in western Washington.

Home to the deepest lake in the US, famous for its intense blue color and dramatic volcanic caldera. Found in southern Oregon, within the Cascade Mountains.

Though technically just outside the Pacific Northwest geographical definition, it’s a quintessential PNW experience for many. Canada’s first national park, a stunning alpine wonderland with turquoise lakes and majestic peaks. Located in the Canadian Rockies, on the border of British Columbia and Alberta.

An archipelago offering incredible whale watching, kayaking, and charming island towns. Located in Puget Sound, off the coast of northern Washington.

A dramatic canyon with numerous waterfalls, hiking trails, and stunning viewpoints. Forms the border between Oregon and Washington, east of Portland.

A world-renowned ski resort village offering year-round outdoor adventures, from skiing and snowboarding to mountain biking. Located in the Coast Mountains of British Columbia, north of Vancouver.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Authentic Local Vibe
  • Winter Sports (excluding peak)
  • Cozy Atmosphere

Main Drawbacks:

  • Cold Temperatures
  • Shorter Days
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (non-ski)
  • Some closures

Key Regions:

  • Seattle/Portland: Enjoy city life, museums, and vibrant food scenes without the crowds.
  • Vancouver/Victoria: Experience urban charm and island beauty with mild, often rainy weather.
  • Coastal Washington/Oregon: Dramatic stormy seascapes, perfect for cozying up indoors.
  • Okanagan Valley (BC): Winter wine tasting and quiet, snowy landscapes.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events
  • Blooming Landscapes (Spring) & Autumn Colors (Autumn)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Spring Mud Season
  • Unpredictable Weather (Spring/Autumn)
  • Autumn Crowds for Larch Season (Canadian Rockies)

Key Regions:

  • Puget Sound (Seattle, San Juan Islands): Enjoy blooming gardens and early whale watching.
  • Willamette Valley (Oregon): Perfect for wine touring with fewer crowds and pleasant weather.
  • Columbia River Gorge (Oregon/Washington): Stunning waterfalls and hiking, less crowded than summer.
  • Vancouver Island (BC): Mild temperatures for exploring rugged coastlines and charming towns.
  • Canadian Rockies (BC/Alberta border): Breathtaking autumn colors, but popular for larch viewing.
  • Mid-Summer (June-August)
  • Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
  • Peak Ski Season (February-March)

Planning Your Trip

Politeness & Space: Locals are friendly but value personal space—don’t rush small talk.

Tipping: 15–20% at restaurants; US$1–2 per drink or bag.

Sustainability: Locals are eco-conscious—recycle, use reusable cups, and avoid single-use plastics.

Cannabis: Legal in all three regions for adults 19+ (BC) / 21+ (WA/OR). Use privately, never in public spaces.

Outdoor Etiquette: Stay on trails, leave no trace, and don’t feed wildlife.

Crossing Borders: U.S.-Canada border crossings require passports (and patience). Arrive early.

Accommodation:

  • Hostels: US$35–60/night

  • Mid-range hotels: US$120–250

  • Boutique/luxury: US$350+

Food & Drink:

  • Food trucks/casual eats: US$10–20

  • Sit-down meals: US$25–50

  • Fine dining/wine pairings: US$75+

  • Craft beer flights or winery tastings: US$10–25

Transport:

  • City transit/day pass: US$5–10
  • Car rental: US$50–80/day (insurance extra)
  • Amtrak: US$30–80 depending on leg

Activities:

  • National Park pass (U.S.): US$35/car (valid for 7 days)
  • Museums/galleries: Free–US$25
  • Kayak, bike, or SUP rentals: US$20–50/day

Daily Budget Estimates:

  • Budget: US$90–120 (hostels, transit, self-guided activities)

  • Mid-range: US$180–250 (hotels, sit-down meals, national parks)

  • Luxury: US$350+ (luxury stays, fine dining, private tours)

Free Wi-Fi:

  • Available in most cafes, libraries, museums, and city centers.
  • Starbucks and Tim Hortons are reliable Wi-Fi spots.

SIM Cards:

  • Buy prepaid plans at airports, 7-Eleven, or Best Buy.

  • US Options: T-Mobile, AT&T (US$30–50 for 10–15GB).

  • Canada Options: Telus, Rogers, Fido (CA$40–60).

  • Bring unlocked phones for flexibility.

eSIMs:

  • Convenient for dual SIM users. Try Airalo, Holafly, or GigSky.

Highly recommended—weather delays, mountain mishaps, or illness can get expensive.

Medical coverage is a must, especially for U.S. trips.

For skiing, kayaking, or backcountry hikes, confirm your plan includes adventure activities.

For cross-border travel (e.g., Seattle to Vancouver), check international coverage limits.

From eco-lodges to urban chic:

Hotels:

  • Luxury: Fairmont Olympic (Seattle), The Ritz-Carlton (Vancouver).
  • Mid-range: Ace Hotel (Portland), The Maxwell (Seattle).
  • Budget: Motel 6 (chain), Green Tortoise Hostel (Seattle).

Unique Stays:

  • Treehouses/Glamping: Treehouse Point (WA), Free Spirit Spheres (BC).
  • Wilderness Lodges: Timberline Lodge (OR), Wickaninnish Inn (BC).

Airbnb/VRBO:

  • Great for cabins (e.g., Leavenworth, WA) or downtown lofts (Portland’s Pearl District).

Tip: Book national park lodges (e.g., Paradise Inn) 6+ months ahead.

The region is vast—transport varies by area.

Public Transit (Cities):

  • Seattle: Link Light Rail ($2.25–3.50) from Sea-Tac Airport to downtown; ORCA card for buses/ferries.
  • Portland: TriMet MAX trains ($2.50) and buses cover the city; bike-friendly.
  • Vancouver: Compass Card for SkyTrain ($2.50–5.75 CAD); ferries to Vancouver Island.

Driving:

  • Scenic road trips (e.g., Pacific Coast Highway, Icefields Parkway) require a car.
  • Rental cars (~US$50–100/day); note border crossings (passport required for US/Canada).

Trains:

  • Amtrak Cascades (Seattle–Portland–Vancouver) for coastal views (~US$30–80).

Biking/Scooters:

  • Bike shares (e.g., Lime, Jump) in cities; dedicated trails (e.g., Portland’s Waterfront Loop).

Ferries:

  • Washington State Ferries (Seattle to Bainbridge/San Juan Islands; ~US$10–20).

Handy Tips

In the U.S. (Washington and Oregon), the currency is the U.S. Dollar (US$). In British Columbia, Canada, the Canadian Dollar (C$) is used.

  • Exchanging Currency: In both countries, avoid airport exchange kiosks. Use ATMs or visit local banks for better rates.

  • Using Cards: Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted in both countries. Amex is more accepted in the U.S. than in Canada. Always carry small bills or coins for parking meters, tips, or small cafés.

  • Tipping Etiquette:

    • U.S.: Tipping is expected—15–20% for restaurants.

    • Canada: 15–20% is also customary.

    • Taxis/Rideshares: 10–15%

    • Hotel Staff: $1–2 per bag; $3–5 per night for housekeeping

    • Tour Guides: $5–10 per person for group tours

English is the primary language in all three regions, though you’ll hear French in Vancouver and indigenous languages in rural areas.

  • Common phrases:

    • “Where’s the nearest coffee shop?” (There are many!)

    • “Is this trail beginner-friendly?”

    • “Can I pay with card?”

  • Pro Tip: Locals in Seattle and Portland are friendly but reserved. In Vancouver, you’ll find a more international tone—politeness and patience go a long way.

These areas are generally very safe, with low violent crime rates. Use standard city precautions in urban centers.

  • Stay alert at night in isolated areas of downtown Portland or Vancouver’s East Hastings.

  • Be wildlife-aware when hiking: bears and cougars live in forested areas.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • U.S.: 911 (all emergencies), 311 (non-urgent municipal services)

    • Canada: 911 (all emergencies), 811 (health advice, BC)

The U.S. and Canada both use 120V/60Hz with Type A/B plugs (two flat pins or three-prong grounded plugs).

  • International visitors will need a plug adapter. A voltage converter is rarely needed unless using older electronics.

Tap water is safe and delicious across the Pacific Northwest—especially in Seattle and Vancouver, which have some of the cleanest drinking water in North America.

  • Restaurants usually serve tap water unprompted. Ask for “just water” if you’re offered bottled.

Expect closures of government offices and some businesses on the following days:

U.S. (Washington, Oregon)

  • Jan 1: New Year’s Day

  • 3rd Mon Jan: Martin Luther King Jr. Day

  • 4th Jul: Independence Day

  • 1st Mon Sep: Labor Day

  • 4th Thu Nov: Thanksgiving

  • Dec 25: Christmas Day

Canada (British Columbia)

  • Jan 1: New Year’s Day

  • 3rd Mon Feb: Family Day

  • Jul 1: Canada Day

  • 1st Mon Aug: B.C. Day

  • 2nd Mon Oct: Thanksgiving (Canadian)

  • Dec 25: Christmas Day

Note: Most parks, trails, and markets remain open—just expect larger crowds.

Stores: Open ~10:00–20:00. Malls and big-box stores (Target, Walmart, Canadian Tire) may stay open later.

Pharmacies: Walgreens/CVS (U.S.) and Shoppers Drug Mart (Canada) often open late or 24/7 in urban areas.

Farmers’ Markets: Weekend favorites—check out Portland Saturday Market or Granville Island in Vancouver.

Dungeness Crab: Sweet, meaty Pacific delicacy—best steamed or in crab cakes.

Cedar-Planked Salmon: Grilled over open flame, often with maple glaze.

Geoduck: Massive clam with unique texture—try thinly sliced as sashimi.

Oregon Truffle Dishes: Seasonal earthy fungi, shaved on pasta or risotto.

Smoked Sockeye Salmon: Indigenous staple with deep flavor and tradition.

Tillamook Cheese: Creamy cheddar from Oregon—look for extra sharp or smoked.

Marionberry Pie: Oregon’s hybrid berry in flaky, buttery crust.

Maple Bars: Donut-shop staple topped with maple glaze.

Salmonberries: Wild seasonal fruit—eat fresh or in jams.

Salted Caramel Ice Cream (Molly Moon’s): Seattle-made, sweet-salty perfection.

Alcoholic:

  • Willamette Valley Pinot Noir: Oregon’s signature wine—light-bodied and earthy.

  • Walla Walla Merlot: Bold, dark cherry notes from eastern Washington.

  • Yakima Valley Syrah: Spicy red wine from volcanic soil.

  • Rogue Dead Guy Ale: Oregon-brewed malty Maibock-style beer.

  • Rainier Beer: Classic Northwest lager with cult status.

  • Fremont IPA: Seattle’s go-to hoppy ale.

  • Seattle Cider Co. Dry Cider: Crisp and gluten-free alternative.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Drip Coffee (Stumptown or Lighthouse Roasters): Smooth, strong, and local-roasted.

  • Cold Brew with Oat Milk: Seattleites’ summer staple.

  • Huckleberry Soda: Tart-sweet and wild-foraged from mountain regions.

  • Kombucha (Brew Dr. or GT’s): Fermented tea with a Portland twist.

  • Rain-Filtered Water: Crystal-clear and oddly brag-worthy in the PNW.

Indigenous Art: Explore totem poles in Stanley Park or the Bill Reid Gallery (Vancouver).

Chinatown History: Walk through Portland’s Old Town or Vancouver’s historic Chinatown.

Seattle Underground Tour: A literal peek beneath the streets into the city’s past.

Lighthouses: Scenic and iconic—Heceta Head (OR) or Discovery Park (Seattle).

Craft Culture: Handmade goods, ceramics, letterpress—often found in Sunday markets.

Victorian Architecture: Especially in Victoria, BC, which feels like a British seaside town.

Hidden Gem: Kubota Garden in Seattle—Japanese landscaping meets Pacific flair.

Bookish Culture: Literary festivals, zines, and poetry readings abound.

Multicultural Influence: Especially strong Asian and Indigenous heritage throughout the region.

Cascadian Spirit: A blend of eco-consciousness, outdoor adventure, and artistic independence.

Hiking: Easy access to trails—Mount Rainier, Columbia River Gorge, Lynn Canyon.

Music Scene: Portland and Seattle have legendary indie and jazz venues (e.g., Neumos, Mississippi Studios).

Public Art & Street Murals: Alberta Arts District (Portland), Capitol Hill (Seattle), East Van Murals.

Ferries: Scenic rides in Puget Sound or from Vancouver to Victoria.

Museums: Museum of Pop Culture (Seattle), Portland Art Museum, Vancouver Art Gallery.

Live Theater: Seattle’s ACT Theatre, Portland Center Stage, Bard on the Beach (Vancouver).

Bookshops: Powell’s City of Books (Portland)—the largest indie bookstore in the world!

Bike the Waterfront: Portland’s Eastbank Esplanade or Vancouver’s Seawall.

Markets: Pike Place (Seattle), Granville Island (Vancouver), and PSU Market (Portland).

Rainy Day Retreats: Cozy up in a café, indie cinema, or spa. This region excels in rainy-day vibes.

Canon (Seattle): World-class whiskey library—dimly lit and dramatic.

Rum Club (Portland): Sleek rum-based cocktails with Caribbean flair.

Bathtub Gin & Co.: Hidden speakeasy in Seattle’s Belltown alley.

Pink Door: Italian eats + burlesque in Pike Place Market.

Deschutes Brewery (Bend): Flagship taproom for award-winning beers.

Revel Room (Vancouver): Jazz nights and vintage cocktails in Gastown.

Teardrop Lounge (Portland): Cocktail lab meets cozy lounge.

Ballard Breweries: Seattle’s “brewery district” has over a dozen walkable spots.

Kells Irish Pub: Housed in Seattle’s oldest building—live music nightly.

Victory Lounge: Punk bar with arcade games and strong drinks.