ANURADHAPURA & MIHINTALE
Anuradhapura and Mihintale form the ancient heartland of Sri Lanka, where the island’s Buddhist civilization began over two millennia ago. This region is a sanctuary of colossal, centuries-old stupas and sacred ruins.
It is a place of profound spiritual significance, the cradle of Sinhalese Buddhism, and a monumental testament to a powerful ancient kingdom that shaped the history and culture of the island.
Most Popular Attractions
The Sacred City Core (The Eight Sacred Sites – Atamasthana):
Ruwanwelisaya: The spectacular white stupa, one of the most revered monuments in Sri Lanka, built by King Dutugamunu.
Sri Maha Bodhi: The sacred fig tree, grown from a cutting of the original Bodhi Tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment.
Thuparamaya: The oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, enshrining the right collar-bone relic of the Buddha.
Abhayagiri Dagaba: A colossal brick stupa that once belonged to one of the largest monasteries in the world.
Jethavanaramaya: The largest stupa in the world by volume, representing a remarkable feat of ancient engineering.
Mirisawetiya Vihara: A historic stupa built by King Dutugamunu after a victory over the Chola invaders.
Lankarama: The ruins of a large ancient stupa and a circular shrine (Vata-da-ge).
Lowamahapaya (Brazen Palace): The ruins of a grand, nine-story, roofed mansion for monks, marked by 1,600 stone pillars.
Ancient Monastic & Royal Structures:
Isurumuniya Vihara: A rock temple famous for its stone carvings, including the “Isurumuniya Lovers.”
Kuttam Pokuna (Twin Ponds): Magnificently preserved bathing ponds, a masterpiece of ancient hydrological and architectural design.
Samadhi Statue: One of the finest sculptures of the Buddha in meditation posture, representing peace and serenity.
Moonstone (Sandakada Pahana) at Mahasena’s Palace: The best-preserved example of this unique carved stone semi-circle, signifying the spiritual path.
Royal Pleasure Gardens: Ruins of the King’s personal gardens, featuring finely carved baths and rock formations.
Vessagiriya: A monastery complex of caves and rock shelters inhabited by early Buddhist monks.
Elephant Pond (Eth Pokuna): A massive ancient water tank used to supply the Abhayagiri monastery complex.
The Spiritual Heights of Mihintale:
Mihintale Rock: The mountain where Buddhism was introduced to Sri Lanka by Mahinda, son of Emperor Ashoka.
Mihintale Dagaba (Maha Seya): The large stupa on the summit, offering panoramic views of the surrounding landscape and ancient city.
The Great Staircase: A majestic climb of 1,840 steps leading up the sacred hill of Mihintale.
Kantaka Chetiya: An ancient, smaller stupa at Mihintale known for its well-preserved vahalkadas (frontispieces).
Alms Hall (Dana Salawa): The ruins of the monks’ refectory at Mihintale, featuring a large trough where food was stored.
Reservoirs & Engineering Marvels:
Tissawewa: A massive, ancient man-made reservoir that provided water to the city and remains in use today.
Nuwara Wewa: Another one of the largest and most important ancient tanks in the area, critical for irrigation.
Activities & Experiences
Cycle Through the Ancient City (Ruwanwelisaya and Jetavanarama): Rent a bicycle to explore the vast Sacred City at your own pace. This is the best way to cover the large distances between major dagobas (stupas) like the massive Jetavanarama and the revered Ruwanwelisaya.
Climb Mihintale Rock: Ascend the steps of this sacred mountain, the cradle of Sri Lankan Buddhism, to witness spectacular sunset or sunrise views over the surrounding plains and reservoirs.
Attend a Puja (Offering) at the Sri Maha Bodhi: Experience the intense spiritual devotion by observing or participating in a traditional offering ceremony around the world’s oldest authenticated living tree.
Explore the Isurumuniya Vihara: Visit this unique rock temple known for its ancient rock carvings, including the famous “Isurumuniya Lovers” and the Royal Family carving.
Visit the Twin Ponds (Kuttam Pokuna): Marvel at the architectural brilliance of these magnificent 4th-century bathing tanks, which are masterpieces of ancient hydrological engineering.
Go on a Tank (Wewa) Safari: Visit one of the massive ancient reservoirs, such as the Tissawewa or Nuwara Wewa, which are vital for local agriculture and offer stunning sunset photography opportunities.
Discover the Mysteries of Abhayagiri Vihara: Explore the enormous monastery complex, including the towering Abhayagiri Dagoba and the intriguing Samadhi Statue of the Buddha, a masterpiece of sculpture.
Take a Traditional Ayurvedic Treatment: Indulge in an authentic Ayurvedic massage or herbal bath at a local center, utilizing the region’s ancient medicinal knowledge.
Wander Through the Moonstone (Sandakada Pahana) at Mahasena’s Palace: Study the intricate carvings of a perfect specimen of this unique Sri Lankan architectural feature, symbolizing the stages of spiritual purification.
Visit the Elephant Pond (Eth Pokuna): See the impressive scale of this ancient water tank, believed to have supplied water to the monks of the Abhayagiri Monastery.
Sample Local Village Cuisine: Seek out a local ‘rice and curry’ lunch served on a banana leaf in a small, traditional eatery or a homestay for an authentic taste of the region.
Hike to the Kaludiya Pokuna (Black Water Pond): Journey to this beautiful, less-visited site near Mihintale, which features ruins, a pond, and a tranquil forest environment.
Local Tips & Transport
Tuk-Tuks are King: The most common and convenient way to get around the Sacred City and between the ancient sites is by hiring a tuk-tuk for the day. Agree on a fixed price for a full-day tour before starting (usually includes multiple stops and waiting time).
Cycling is Best for Immersion: Renting a bicycle is highly recommended for exploring the vast, flat ancient city. It allows you to stop easily and take in the tranquility of the ruins and reservoirs at your own pace. Many guesthouses offer rentals.
Bus Connectivity: Long-distance buses connect Anuradhapura to major cities like Colombo, Kandy, and Trincomalee. For local travel between Anuradhapura and Mihintale, the public bus service is frequent and very cheap.
Train Option: A rail network connects Anuradhapura to Colombo and the North. While slower than express buses, it offers a scenic and relaxed journey, especially for connecting with the hill country or the coast.
Footwear is Crucial: Be prepared to remove your shoes and hats at every temple and sacred site. Wear easy-to-slip-off footwear (flip-flops/slippers) and consider wearing socks to protect your feet from the sun-heated stone surfaces.
Dress Code for Sacred Sites: Modesty is essential. When visiting all temples, dagobas, and the Sacred City, both men and women must have their shoulders and knees covered. White clothing is preferred by locals for its purity, but any modest attire is acceptable.
Photography Etiquette: Never pose with your back to a Buddha statue, as this is considered extremely disrespectful. Always be mindful and respectful when taking photos, especially of monks or people praying.
Visiting Times: The temperature can be intense between 11 AM and 3 PM. Plan your main outdoor sightseeing (like climbing Mihintale) for the early morning (6 AM – 9 AM) or late afternoon (3 PM – 6 PM).
The Ticket System: The main ancient city requires a single, combined ticket for foreign visitors, which is valid for one day. It is often checked at major entrances and must be kept throughout your exploration.
Respecting the Sri Maha Bodhi: As the most sacred site in the region, approach the Bodhi Tree with reverence. Do not cross the low chain barrier and refrain from taking photos very close to the tree itself.
Hidden Gems:
- Pankuliya Asokarama: A less-visited monastery site known for its beautiful and well-preserved seated Buddha statue.
- The Stone Bridge (Gal Palama): An ancient bridge made entirely of stone slabs, a testament to the advanced engineering of the Anuradhapura Kingdom.
- The Folk Museum: Located near the main sites, this small museum offers an interesting look into the traditional life and culture of the North Central Province.
- Eth Pokuna (Elephant Pond): Often overlooked, this massive pond near the Abhayagiri complex highlights the sheer scale of the monastery’s infrastructure.
Language: While many in the tourism sector speak English, learning a few basic phrases in Sinhala like Ayubowan (Hello/May you live long) and Isthuthi (Thank you) will be greatly appreciated.
Security and Scams: Be wary of unsolicited guides near the major attractions. If you want a guide, hire a licensed one recommended by your hotel or a reputable agency. Politely but firmly decline services you do not want.
Top Restaurants
Ambula Restaurant Anuradhapura (ඇඹුල අනුරාධපුර) [$5-$15] – Known for its authentic, flavorful Sri Lankan rice and curry buffet at very reasonable prices, offering fresh, hygienic, and high-quality local dishes.
Little Paradise Restaurant Anuradhapura [$5-$15] – A slightly hidden, popular spot celebrated by locals and tourists alike for its delicious, authentic Sri Lankan dishes, often served in a ‘rice and curry’ style with no menu.
Nelum Kole Bath Kade (Original) [$5-$15] – A charming, slightly out-of-town eatery famous for its traditional dishes, particularly the river fish fried with yummy curries, and its signature style of preparation.
Bro Restaurant [$5-$15] – A local gem in the heart of Anuradhapura, highly popular with residents for its authentic and delicious food, offering a fusion of local and international cuisine in a non-touristy setting.
Palhena Village Restaurant [$5-$15] – Offers a contemporary take on traditional Sri Lankan cuisine, praised for its rich spices and high-quality, authentic flavors, providing a warm, local dining experience.
Gemi Gedara Restaurant Anuradhapura [$5-$15] – Known for a delightful dining experience, often featuring a popular buffet-style service with a wide variety of flavorful Sri Lankan and Chinese dishes.
Rasa Gedara (The House of Taste) [$5-$15] – A well-regarded buffet paradise offering a diverse range of authentic and delicious Sri Lankan culinary delights, highly recommended for an all-you-can-eat experience.
Hela Sathkaara Bojun Hala – හෙල සත්කාර බොජුන් හල [$5-$15] – An authentic Sri Lankan establishment where tradition meets taste, offering local cuisine favorites in a very traditional and welcoming atmosphere.
The Walkers Restaurant [$5-$15] – Conveniently situated, this restaurant is known for offering a mix of local and international flavors, catering to a wide variety of tastes in a family-friendly environment.
Big Mama [$5-$15] – Located slightly away from the main tourist crowds, this local restaurant offers friendly service and authentic Sri Lankan cuisine, popular for its genuine, remote atmosphere.
Casserole Restaurant [$5-$15] – A traditional eatery in Anuradhapura offering a mix of authentic Sri Lankan cuisine alongside Western and Asian dishes, providing variety without losing local appeal.
Seedevi Family Restaurant [$5-$15] – A popular dining spot known for blending traditional and modern cooking methods, serving authentic Sri Lankan food and Indian cuisine in a friendly, welcoming environment.
Chamy Restaurant New Bus Stand [$3-$10] – A classic local stop in the New Town area, perfect for a quick, authentic, and budget-friendly meal, serving traditional Sri Lankan favorites like kottu and rice and curry.
Hotel Singha Kanuwa [$3-$10] – Highly rated for its traditional Sri Lankan breakfast and savory ‘short eats,’ offering an authentic taste of local food culture near the sacred city.
Kamu Machan [$5-$15] – A great local spot for traditional Sri Lankan rice dishes, kottu, and rotis, known for its inviting atmosphere and authentic flavors.
Nilpawana Restaurant – Anuradhapura [$5-$15] – A diverse restaurant offering Sri Lankan favorites like noodles and fried foods, along with juices and smoothies in a local setting.
Vadda Sappayama වැද්දා සප්පායම -Anuradhapura [$5-$15] – A local place that offers a variety of Sri Lankan staples like rice dishes, kottu, and soups, popular for a hearty, traditional meal.
Saliya Garden Sea Food Restaurant [$5-$15] – A traditional spot known for its delicious rice and curry and various other dishes, offering a casual and authentic dining experience.
Mango Mango [$10-$20] – A modern restaurant in Anuradhapura serving authentic and delicious North Indian food, using traditional Indian herbs and spices for a true Indian taste.
Golden Mango Indian Restaurant [$10-$20] – Known for its incredibly tasty Indian food, it’s a popular choice for travelers and locals craving authentic Indian cuisine, despite a simple ambiance.
City Chinese Restaurants – Anuradhapura [$5-$15] – A local spot offering a mix of Sri Lankan dishes like kottu and Jaffna-style preparations, alongside Chinese favorites and biryani.
Myburger Family Restaurant [$5-$15] – A family-friendly option that serves burgers alongside local flavors, a good choice for a casual, varied meal.
White House Poolside Restaurant [$10-$25] – An elegant poolside dining destination offering a selection of exquisite local and international cuisine.
Zako’s Restaurant [$5-$15] – A local place that offers a mix of fast food and more substantial Sri Lankan meals, popular for a casual dining experience.
Top Cocktail Bars and Clubs
Forest Rock Garden Resort Bar: Located in a very tranquil setting closer to the ancient city of Anuradhapura, this luxury resort offers a peaceful and sophisticated bar area where guests and visitors can enjoy premium spirits and simple mixed drinks amidst beautiful, natural surroundings.
Heritage Hotel Rooftop Bar: Found near the Tissa Wewa reservoir in Anuradhapura, this spot provides one of the few higher-viewpoints in the city. It’s a relaxed place to enjoy a beer or a basic cocktail with a decent view after a day of sightseeing.
The Sanctuary at Tissawewa Bar: Situated right by the Tissa Wewa, this bar offers a calm, almost colonial-era atmosphere. It’s ideal for a quiet evening drink, focusing on classic spirits and wines rather than loud music.
Palm Garden Village Hotel Bar: A spacious hotel bar located slightly outside the main city hub of Anuradhapura, offering standard international drinks and a comfortable place to unwind, popular among touring groups.
Rajadhani Hotel Lounge: Located centrally within Anuradhapura town, this modest hotel lounge serves as a local gathering point where travelers can find basic refreshments, including local arrack and beer.
Hotel Alakamanda Bar: Found in the heart of Anuradhapura, this bar is known for its friendly service and offers a selection of local and imported beers, along with simple mixed drinks in a no-frills setting.
Gami Gedara Resort Dining Bar: Situated near the Mihintale area, this resort’s dining bar provides a rustic yet comfortable environment for enjoying an evening beverage, often featuring fresh fruit juices and local spirits.
Lake View Hotel Bar (Anuradhapura): Overlooking one of the numerous lakes or tanks in the region, this spot is perfect for a sunset drink, offering a standard menu of beers and spirits in a serene setting.
Heaven’s Gate Restaurant & Bar (Mihintale): While primarily a restaurant, this venue near the Mihintale Rock offers an informal bar setup where one can enjoy a cold beer or a simple cocktail after the climb, providing a necessary respite.
Rajarata Hotel Bar: A well-established hotel in Anuradhapura featuring a straightforward bar area catering to both locals and tourists with a range of standard alcoholic beverages.