SAUDI ARABIA

Saudi Arabia, the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula, is a land of vast deserts, historical wonders, and rapidly modernizing cities. As the birthplace of Islam, it holds immense religious significance, alongside burgeoning cultural and natural attractions.

Region: Middle East

Capital: Riyadh

Official Language: Arabic

Level of Travel Safety: Exercise a high degree of caution due to the threat of terrorism and regional hostilities. Be aware of strict local laws and customs, and monitor advisories closely.

A map of the Middle East with Saudi Arabia highlighted in green.

Why Visit Saudi Arabia?

Timeless Desert Landscapes: Explore the surreal dunes of the Empty Quarter and the colorful rocks of AlUla.

Historic Wonders: Visit UNESCO-listed sites like Diriyah and the Nabatean tombs of Hegra, sister city to Petra.

Mecca and Medina: For Muslim travelers, these spiritual centers are deeply moving destinations.

A traditional mud-brick building with an open courtyard, showing reflections of the architecture in a puddle after rain.

Red Sea Reefs & Beaches: Dive into untouched coral reefs and swim off pristine coastlines near Jeddah and NEOM.

Modern Megacities: Witness Saudi Arabia’s futuristic ambition in Riyadh and the high-tech NEOM project.

Warm Arabian Hospitality: Bedouin culture still thrives, offering travelers tea, dates, and stories under the stars.

A white mosque with a single dome and minaret, situated on a small island or peninsula surrounded by water.

Essential Trip Information

Saudi Arabia offers e-Visas for citizens of over 50 countries, including the US, UK, EU, and parts of Asia.

Apply via the Official Portal; the e-Visa costs approx. US$117, valid for multiple entries over one year.

Passport must be valid for at least 6 months upon arrival.

Visitors may be asked to show return tickets, hotel bookings, and proof of sufficient funds.

Travel for tourism, including cultural and historical events, is permitted, but religious tourism is restricted to Muslims for visits to Mecca and Medina.

The currency is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). 1 USD ≈ 3.75 SAR.

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount; avoid airport counters.

  • During Your Trip: ATMs (Al Rajhi, SNB) offer good rates. Visa/Mastercard widely accepted.

  • What to Avoid: Informal money changers and accepting dynamic conversion in USD.

Arabic is the official language.

English is widely spoken in cities, especially in hotels and tourism sectors.

Helpful Phrases:

  • “Shukran” – Thank you

  • “Ayna al-hammam?” – Where is the bathroom?

  • “Min fadlak” – Please

Saudi Arabia is generally safe for tourists; laws are strict and enforced.

Solo female travelers are allowed but must dress modestly.

Avoid public political discussions.

Emergency number: 999 (police), 997 (ambulance)

No mandatory vaccines, but Hepatitis A, B, and Typhoid are recommended.

Tap water is safe in major cities, bottled water preferred in rural areas.

Travel insurance highly recommended.

Domestic flights (e.g., Saudia, Flynas) connect major cities.

Metro systems in Riyadh and Mecca expanding rapidly.

Taxis/Uber: Widely available and affordable.

Renting a car is possible but driving requires caution (international license needed).

Saudi Arabia ranges from affordable in rural areas to moderate in major cities.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses, simple hotels (US$50–90/night)

  • Mid-range: Modern 3-4 star hotels (US$100–180/night)

  • Luxury: 5-star hotels (US$250+)

Food

  • Local eats: Shawarma/falafel meals (US$4–10)

  • Casual restaurants: US$15–30/person

  • High-end dining: US$50–80/person

Drinks

  • Alcohol is strictly prohibited. Instead, try fresh juices or Saudi coffee (gahwa).

Transportation

  • Uber/Careem: US$3–10 for most urban rides.

  • Intercity buses: US$10–30

  • Domestic flights: Start around US$60+

Money-Saving Tips

  • Use Careem daily packages for commuting.

  • Visit free public attractions like Al Balad (Jeddah) or Diriyah (Riyadh).

  • Eat at local chain restaurants (e.g., Al Tazaj, Herfy) for affordable meals.

Explore Saudi Arabia

A mesmerizing ancient city in northwestern Saudi Arabia, renowned for its unique rock formations, historical tombs, and well-preserved archaeological sites, including Hegra, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

The bustling capital in the heart of Saudi Arabia, a dynamic blend of modernity and tradition, featuring towering skyscrapers, historical fortresses like Masmak, and the National Museum.

A vibrant coastal city on the Red Sea, known for its picturesque Corniche, the historic Al-Balad district (a UNESCO site with traditional coral houses), and its bustling souqs.

Just outside Riyadh, this UNESCO World Heritage site is the historic heart of Saudi Arabia and the birthplace of the first Saudi dynasty, showcasing impressive mud-brick architecture.

A dramatic geological formation featuring sheer cliffs rising from an ancient ocean bed, offering breathtaking panoramic views of the vast desert, located northwest of Riyadh.

The largest oasis in the world and a UNESCO World Heritage site in eastern Saudi Arabia, characterized by lush palm groves, tranquil lakes, and ancient irrigation systems.

A beautiful mountainous region in the southwest, offering cooler temperatures, lush greenery, and stunning views, with the city of Abha serving as a popular retreat.

A hidden natural wonder in the Tabuk province, featuring towering sandstone cliffs, lush palm groves, and a flowing stream, ideal for hiking and off-road adventures.

Stretching along the western border, this area is a paradise for divers and snorkelers, boasting pristine coral reefs and burgeoning luxury tourism developments like The Red Sea Project.

One of Islam’s two holiest cities, home to Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (the Prophet’s Mosque) and a significant pilgrimage site, located in the western region of Saudi Arabia.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Indoor Attractions are Focus
  • Luxury Resorts More Accessible
  • Good for Coastal Activities (Red Sea)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Extremely Hot Temperatures (average 95-106ºF / 35-41ºC, often exceeding 113ºF / 45ºC inland)
  • High Humidity (coastal areas)
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (non-coastal)
  • Risk of Sandstorms
  • Some closures

Key Regions:

  • Jeddah & Red Sea Coast: Enjoy diving, snorkeling, and water sports in the relatively cooler coastal areas.
  • Abha & Asir Mountains: Experience significantly milder temperatures due to higher elevation.
  • Taif: Escape the heat in this mountain city known for its roses and pleasant climate.
  • Indoor Attractions (Riyadh & Jeddah): Focus on museums, malls, and entertainment centers.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather (average 60-88ºF / 15-31ºC)
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events
  • Pleasant for Outdoor Exploration

Main Drawbacks:

  • Temperatures begin to rise in late spring
  • Can still be warm in early autumn
  • Potential for occasional sandstorms
  • Ramadan may fall within these months (impacting operating hours)

Key Regions:

  • AlUla: Perfect for exploring ancient sites like Hegra and stunning rock formations in comfortable conditions.
  • Riyadh & Diriyah: Explore historical sites, modern attractions, and cultural events.
  • Empty Quarter (Rub’ al Khali): Ideal for desert excursions and stargazing as temperatures become more agreeable.
  • Al Ahsa Oasis: Discover lush palm groves and ancient irrigation systems in pleasant weather.
  • Winter (December – February)
  • Hajj and Umrah pilgrimage seasons (dates vary by Islamic calendar)
  • Major festivals like Riyadh Season and Winter at Tantora

Planning Your Trip

Dress Code:

  • Modest attire is expected. Women are not required to wear abayas but should dress conservatively.
  • Men: Avoid shorts in public places.

Tipping:

  • Not mandatory but appreciated—10–15% in restaurants.
  • Hotel staff: ~US$1–2 per bag.

Religion:

  • Daily prayers affect opening hours; shops may close briefly five times a day.
  • Non-Muslims cannot enter Mecca or central Medina.

Public Behavior:

  • Avoid public displays of affection.
  • Photography: Do not take photos of people without consent.

Alcohol:

  • Strictly prohibited; zero tolerance.

Bold Recommendation: Be respectful of religious customs and dress modestly—it’s key to a smooth experience.

Accommodation:

  • Budget hotels: US$30–60/night
  • Mid-range: US$90–150/night
  • Luxury: US$250–500+

Food:

  • Street eats or shawarma: US$3–6
  • Sit-down meal: US$10–20
  • Fine dining: US$50–100+

Transport:

  • Ride-hailing: US$5–15 per trip
  • Intercity trains or buses: US$10–60
  • Flights: US$50–100

Activities:

  • Many cultural attractions (museums, forts) are low-cost or free
  • AlUla Heritage Site pass: ~US$40
  • Red Sea snorkeling tour: ~US$60–100

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$70–100 (basic hotels, local food, buses)
  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (good hotels, some flights, guided tours)
  • Luxury: US$400+ (desert resorts, private drivers, premium experiences)

Free Wi-Fi: Available in malls, airports, cafes, and some hotels.

SIM Cards:

  • STC, Zain, and Mobily stores at airports or malls.
  • Prepaid plans: ~US$30–50 for 10–20GB.

eSIMs: Supported by Airalo, Holafly, and local carriers. Setup before arrival is best.

Highly recommended for:

  • Medical coverage in desert regions or smaller towns.
  • Flight cancellations (due to sandstorms or delays).
  • Lost luggage or theft—though crime is low, insurance adds peace of mind.

Adventure coverage:

  • Required for dune bashing, hiking, or diving. Check exclusions for desert sports.

Saudi Arabia’s hospitality scene ranges from ultra-modern hotels to desert camps.

Luxury:

  • Riyadh: The Ritz-Carlton, Narcissus Hotel.
  • Jeddah: Park Hyatt, Assila Hotel.
  • AlUla: Habitas AlUla – desert luxury with heritage views.

Mid-range:

  • Chains like Radisson Blu, Novotel in major cities (~US$90–150/night).
  • Local boutiques in Abha and Taif.

Budget:

  • Basic hotels and aparthotels (~US$30–60/night).
  • Fewer hostels; Airbnb options are growing.

Unique Stays:

  • Desert glamping near AlUla or Riyadh.
  • Traditional mud-brick inns in Najran.

Tip: Book accommodations early for Ramadan or Hajj season, especially near Mecca or Medina.

Saudi Arabia is vast, so plan travel between cities carefully. Local transport is improving rapidly.

Trains:

  • High-speed: Riyadh–Jeddah via Haramain Railway (US$40–60), fast and modern.
  • Other routes: Riyadh–Dammam (SAR), efficient and comfortable.
  • Book in advance, especially during holidays.

Buses:

  • SAPTCO and private lines cover major routes affordably (US$10–30).
  • VIP buses offer extra comfort (USB ports, AC, snacks).

Domestic Flights:

  • Best for long distances: Jeddah–Abha, Riyadh–Tabuk (US$50–100).
  • Carriers: Saudia, flyadeal, flynas.

Taxis & Ride-Hailing:

  • Uber and Careem are widely used and reliable in cities.
  • Local taxis: Meters often ignored; negotiate (US$5–15 for city rides).

Car Rentals:

  • Ideal for exploring remote areas like AlUla or the Empty Quarter.
  • ~US$40–80/day; 4WD recommended for desert areas.

Bold Recommendation: Use domestic flights for long distances and Uber/Careem for city travel; rent a car only for remote regions.

Handy Tips

Saudi Arabia uses the Saudi Riyal (SAR). Bills come in SAR 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 denominations; coins include 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 halalas.

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid exchanging money at the airport (high rates). Banks and ATMs offer better rates.

  • Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Amex) are widely accepted, but carry small bills (SAR 5, 10, or 20) for tips, small purchases, or local transport.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is customary but not obligatory.

    • Restaurants/Bars: 10–15% of the bill (check if service charge is included).

    • Taxis/Rideshares: 5–10% or round up.

    • Hotel Staff: SAR 10–20 per bag for porters; SAR 10–15 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: SAR 20–40 per person for group tours.

Arabic is the official language. English is widely understood, especially in cities. Helpful phrases:

  • “Where is the nearest hotel?”

  • “How much does this cost?”

  • “Can I pay by card?”

Pro Tip: In Saudi Arabia, locals appreciate politeness and formality, especially when addressing authority figures.

Saudi Arabia is generally safe, but it’s important to stay vigilant in crowded areas, especially in markets or during Hajj season.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 997: Police

    • 998: Ambulance

    • 911: General emergencies

    • Your Embassy: Located in Riyadh or Jeddah (keep details handy).

Saudi Arabia uses 230V/50Hz with Type G plugs (three rectangular pins). Visitors from countries using 110V will need a voltage converter, in addition to a plug adapter.

Tap water is generally not recommended for drinking. Bottled water is widely available and often provided for free in hotels and restaurants.

Public offices and some businesses close on:

  • Eid Al-Fitr (dates vary depending on the Islamic calendar)

  • Eid Al-Adha (dates vary)

  • National Day: September 23

Note: These dates shift every year based on the Islamic lunar calendar, so check in advance for specific holiday timings.

Stores: Typically 10:00–22:00, but hours may vary depending on the city. Malls tend to open later and close around midnight.

Pharmacies: 24/7 availability in most cities, especially in major malls.

Souks (markets): Usually open in the evening and stay open until late.

Kabsa: Saudi’s national dish—fragrant rice with lamb or chicken, spiced with cardamom, cinnamon, and cloves.

Mandi: Similar to kabsa but cooked underground for extra smoky flavor.

Mutabbaq: Stuffed savory pancake with spiced ground meat and onions.

Jareesh: Crushed wheat stew slow-cooked with meat and yogurt—comforting and hearty.

Samak Mashwi: Grilled fish seasoned with Arabic spices—best on the Red Sea coast.

Shawarma: Wraps filled with tender meat shaved off a spit, garlic sauce, pickles—street food classic.

Harees: Cracked wheat and meat porridge, slow-cooked until creamy—Ramadan favorite.

Falafel & Hummus: Deep-fried chickpea balls and creamy chickpea dip—Levantine staples loved across the Kingdom.

Dates (Ajwa/Medjool): A staple in Saudi life—try them fresh from Madinah.

Ma’amoul: Date-filled semolina cookies—served during Eid and special occasions.

Basbousa: Semolina cake soaked in rosewater syrup.

Kleicha: Spiced date cookies—often served with Arabic coffee.

Kunafa: Cheese-filled pastry topped with shredded phyllo and syrup—crispy and gooey delight.

Alcoholic:
Note: Alcohol is prohibited in Saudi Arabia; all drinks listed below are non-alcoholic alternatives or regional favorites.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Qahwa (Arabic Coffee): Lightly roasted coffee with cardamom, often served with dates—hospitality ritual.

  • Laban: Chilled yogurt drink, slightly salty—refreshing in desert heat.

  • Jallab: Date syrup-based drink with rose water and pine nuts—sweet and rich.

  • Sobia: Creamy, spiced drink made from bread, tamarind, or barley—popular during Ramadan.

  • Karak Chai: Sweet tea brewed with milk and spices—Gulf favorite.

  • Mint Tea: Green tea infused with fresh mint—light and aromatic.

  • Tamarind Juice: Tangy, dark drink often served in traditional markets.

  • Pomegranate Juice: Especially popular in Taif—refreshing and tart.

  • Rose Water Lemonade: Fragrant twist on a classic—served in cafes.

  • Date Milkshake: Blends the Kingdom’s favorite fruit into a creamy delight.

Mecca: The holiest city in Islam, home to the Kaaba, which Muslims face during prayer.

Medina: Visit the Prophet’s Mosque, one of Islam’s holiest sites.

Diriyah: Explore the historic mud-brick town in Riyadh, the birthplace of Saudi Arabia.

Jeddah Historical District (Al-Balad): Wander through the old town with its traditional coral houses.

Al-Ula: Known for its stunning rock formations and archaeological ruins.

Masmak Fortress: A historical landmark in Riyadh, offering insights into Saudi Arabia’s founding.

National Museum of Saudi Arabia: Learn about the history and heritage of the Arabian Peninsula.

Tuwaiq Mountains: A majestic mountain range perfect for hiking and outdoor adventures.

Al Khobar Corniche: A scenic coastal promenade with views of the Persian Gulf.

Al Faisaliah Tower: One of Riyadh’s iconic landmarks with a view of the city’s skyline.

Al Ula: Explore the UNESCO World Heritage site, an ancient city with rock formations and tombs.

Kingdom Centre Tower: Visit the Skybridge for stunning views of Riyadh.

Red Sea Coast: Snorkel or dive in the crystal-clear waters of the Red Sea, especially around Jeddah.

King Abdulaziz Historical Center: A cultural site in Riyadh showcasing Saudi history.

National Museum: Offers a deep dive into Saudi Arabia’s rich history and culture.

Camel Racing: Attend a camel race, a traditional sport in Saudi Arabia.

Al Masmak Fortress: A historical site in Riyadh showcasing Saudi Arabia’s past.

Jeddah Corniche: A beautiful seaside walk with parks, fountains, and sculptures.

Desert Safari: Take a thrilling ride through the desert dunes, especially near Riyadh or Jeddah.

Hajj Pilgrimage: If you’re visiting during the right season, experiencing the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca is a spiritual journey.

Sheesha Cafes: Popular across cities—relax with flavored tobacco and Arabic coffee.

Rooftop Lounges (Riyadh & Jeddah): Trendy non-alcoholic mocktail bars with skyline views.

Boutique Cinemas (Muvi, Vox): Modern movie houses—many offer luxury seating and snacks.

Cultural Nights (AlUla): Traditional music, poetry, and storytelling under the stars.

Desert Safari Nights: Campfire dinners, stargazing, and camel rides.

Fine Dining (Riyadh’s Boulevard or Jeddah’s Corniche): World-class global and fusion cuisine.

Mocktail Menus: Fancy blends of pomegranate, saffron, mint—crafted like artisan cocktails.

Open-air Cafés (Khobar): Lively social hubs serving coffee, desserts, and mezze.

Live Music (via licensed venues during festivals): Performances by regional artists—check seasonal events.

NEOM Experiences: Exclusive pop-up beach lounges and immersive events (invitation-only during soft launches).