ROMANIA
Welcome to Romania! This captivating Eastern European nation is a land of dramatic castles, ancient forests, and vibrant folk traditions, steeped in history and folklore. From the bustling streets of Bucharest to the mystical Carpathian Mountains and the medieval towns of Transylvania, prepare to discover a country rich in legend and natural beauty.
Region: Eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula
Capital: Bucharest
Official Language: Romanian
Level of Travel Safety: Generally safe. Be vigilant against petty crime, such as pickpocketing and bag snatching, particularly in crowded tourist areas and on public transport in major cities.
Why Visit Romania?
Castles & Legends: Bran Castle (aka “Dracula’s Castle”), Peleș Castle, and Corvin Castle showcase medieval glory.
Diverse Landscapes: Hike the Carpathian Mountains, wander Transylvanian plains, or sunbathe on the Black Sea coast.
Timeless Villages: Experience life in Saxon villages like Viscri and Romanian peasant traditions in Maramureș.
Rich History: Roman ruins, Byzantine monasteries, Ottoman forts—all in one country.
Affordable European Charm: Explore cities, eat well, and stay comfortably on a modest budget.
Vibrant Capital: Bucharest mixes Belle Époque elegance with communist-era grit and a booming nightlife scene.
Essential Trip Information
Visa and Entry Requirements
Travelers from all nationalities should consult the official website of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs for the most up-to-date visa and entry requirements: https://www.mae.ro/en/node/2035
Passports must be valid for at least six months beyond your stay.
Immigration may ask for proof of onward travel, accommodation bookings, and sufficient funds.
Currency
Romania uses the Romanian Leu (RON). Common denominations: Bills: 1–500 RON; Coins: 1–50 bani.
Best Ways to Handle Currency
Before Your Trip: Exchange some cash or withdraw from an ATM upon arrival.
During Your Trip: Use ATMs at major banks (BCR, BRD, ING). Visa/Mastercard are accepted, especially in cities.
Carry US$20–50 worth of RON in small towns or rural areas.
Avoid airport exchange counters and always decline dynamic currency conversion.
Language
Romanian is the official language.
English is widely spoken in tourist areas; French and German are common among older generations.
Helpful phrases: “Bună” (Hello), “Mulțumesc” (Thank you), “Unde este…?” (Where is…?)
Safety & Security
Romania is generally very safe, even for solo travelers.
Petty theft can occur in crowded markets or on public transport.
Avoid poorly lit areas at night in large cities.
Emergency number: 112
Health & Insurance
No vaccines required for entry.
Tap water is safe in cities, but bottled water is common.
Pharmacies (Farmacie) are widely available.
Travel insurance is recommended for healthcare access.
Transportation
Trains: Extensive national network, scenic routes (especially through Transylvania).
Buses/Minibuses: Reliable, especially for towns not served by trains.
Metro: Only in Bucharest, clean and efficient.
Ridesharing: Bolt and Uber operate in major cities.
Car Rental: Good for exploring rural regions like Maramureș or Bucovina.
Price Level
Romania is generally affordable, especially compared to Western European countries, though prices can vary between major cities and rural areas.
Accommodation
- Budget: Hostels/guesthouses (US$20–50/night)
- Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$50–100/night)
- Luxury: 4-5 star hotels (US$100+/night)
Food
- Quick eats: Pastries/street food (US$2–5), local eateries (US$5–10)
- Casual dining: US$10–25/person
- Fine dining: US$30+/person
Drinks
- Beer: US$2–4 (bars), US$1–2 (supermarkets)
- Cocktails: US$6–10
Transportation
- Public transport (city bus/tram/metro): US$1–2 per ride
- Intercity train/bus: US$15–40 for longer journeys
- Taxis/Ride-sharing: US$5–15 for short trips in cities
Money-Saving Tips
- Eat at local “Canteen-style” restaurants (Impinge la Tava) for affordable, home-cooked meals.
- Utilize public transportation within cities and intercity trains/buses for longer distances.
- Consider staying in guesthouses (pensiuni) in rural areas for authentic and budget-friendly experiences.
Explore Romania
The vibrant capital of Romania, known for its Belle Époque architecture, vast parks, and the colossal Palace of the Parliament. It’s located in the south-central part of the country.
A historic region famed for its medieval towns, Gothic castles (like Bran Castle, associated with Dracula), and stunning Carpathian Mountain landscapes. It stretches across the central part of Romania.
A picturesque city nestled in the Carpathian Mountains, offering a charming Old Town, the Black Church, and proximity to Poiana Brașov ski resort. It’s located in central Romania, within Transylvania.
Home to the magnificent Peleș Castle, a stunning Neo-Renaissance palace, and the smaller Pelisor Castle. This royal retreat is located in the Prahova Valley, southern Carpathian Mountains.
A UNESCO World Heritage site and one of the best-preserved medieval citadels in Europe, with colorful houses and cobblestone streets. It’s found in central Transylvania.
A European Capital of Culture, known for its grand squares, medieval walls, and the “Eyes of Sibiu” on its rooftops. Sibiu is located in southern Transylvania.
A culturally rich region famous for its unique wooden churches (UNESCO sites), traditional villages, and authentic rural lifestyle. It’s situated in northern Romania.
Renowned for its exquisite painted monasteries, adorned with vibrant frescoes depicting biblical scenes, also UNESCO World Heritage sites. This region is in northeastern Romania.
A UNESCO Biosphere Reserve, this vast wetlands area is Europe’s second-largest river delta, a paradise for birdwatching and unique wildlife. It’s located in southeastern Romania, near the Black Sea coast.
Home to Romania’s highest peaks and the breathtaking Transfagarasan mountain road, famous for its dramatic twists and turns and stunning views. It runs through the central-southern Carpathian Mountains.
Smart Travel
Key Advantages:
- Lowest Prices
- Fewer Crowds
- Authentic Local Vibe
- Winter Sports (excluding peak)
- Cozy Atmosphere
Main Drawbacks:
- Cold Temperatures (often below freezing, ranging from 20ºF to 35ºF / -6ºC to 2ºC)
- Shorter Days
- Limited Outdoor Activities (non-ski)
- Some closures
Key Regions:
- Maramureș: Experience traditional Christmas markets and snow-covered wooden churches.
- Transylvania: Enjoy magical castle visits without the crowds, like Bran and Peles.
- Bucharest: Explore museums and enjoy indoor attractions with a local feel.
- Ski Resorts (e.g., Poiana Brașov): Ideal for winter sports enthusiasts outside peak season.
Key Advantages:
- Ideal Weather (Spring: 40ºF-65ºF / 5ºC-18ºC; Autumn: 45ºF-60ºF / 7ºC-15ºC)
- Manageable Crowds
- Reasonable Prices (accommodation often 15-30% lower than peak)
- Festivals & Events
- Blooming Landscapes (Spring) & Autumn Colors (Autumn)
Main Drawbacks:
- Spring Mud Season (in rural areas, especially after snowmelt)
- Unpredictable Weather (Spring/Autumn can have sudden changes)
- Some attractions might have shorter hours early Spring/late Autumn
Key Regions:
- Transylvania (Brașov, Sibiu, Sighișoara): Perfect for exploring medieval towns and castles.
- Danube Delta: Excellent for birdwatching as migratory birds arrive/depart.
- Bucovina: Admire the painted monasteries amidst vibrant spring blooms or autumn foliage.
- Maramureș: Witness traditional rural life come alive with spring festivities or autumn harvests.
- Prahova Valley: Enjoy hiking and visiting castles with pleasant temperatures.
- Mid-Summer (June-August)
- Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
- Peak Ski Season (February-March)
Planning Your Trip
Local Customs And Etiquette
Greetings: A firm handshake and eye contact are common; cheek kisses among close friends.
Language: Romanian is official; many speak English in urban areas.
Tipping: 10%–15% in restaurants; small change for taxis and hotel porters.
Dress Code: Casual in most settings, conservative when visiting monasteries (covered shoulders).
Etiquette: Don’t talk politics (especially about Moldova or the EU). Always remove shoes in someone’s home.
Budgeting For Your Trip
Accommodation:
- Hostels: US$15–30/night
- Mid-range hotels/pensions: US$50–100/night
- Luxury hotels: US$150+/night
Food:
- Street food/pastries: US$2–5
- Casual meal in a restaurant: US$10–20
- Mid-range restaurant meal: US$20–40
- Fine dining: US$50+
Transport:
- Public transport (bus/metro ticket): US$1–2 per ride in cities.
- Intercity train/bus: US$10–30 for a longer journey.
- Car rental: US$30–70 per day.
Activities:
- Museum/castle entry: US$5–15 per person.
- Guided tours: US$25–70 per person, depending on duration and type.
- Ski pass: US$30–60 per day during winter.
Daily Budget:
- Budget: US$50–80 (hostels, street food/supermarket, public transport, free attractions).
- Mid-range: US$100–180 (mid-range hotels/pensions, sit-down meals, some paid attractions, occasional taxi/ride-share).
- Luxury: US$250+ (luxury hotels, fine dining, private tours, car with driver).
Internet & Mobile
Free Wi-Fi: Widely available in hotels, cafes, restaurants, and public spaces in major cities.
SIM Cards: Easily purchased at airports, mobile phone shops (Orange, Vodafone, Telekom). Prepaid plans offer good value (e.g., US$10–20 for 10-20GB data).
eSIMs: Becoming more widely supported by local providers and international eSIM services like Airalo, offering convenient connectivity.
Travel Insurance
Recommended for: Medical emergencies (especially for activities like hiking or skiing), trip cancellations or delays, and lost luggage.
Healthcare: While Romania has public healthcare, private clinics are recommended for higher standards of care, and travel insurance will cover these costs.
Adventure Activities: If planning activities like hiking in the Carpathians, skiing, or other outdoor adventures, ensure your policy covers these specific activities.
Accomodation Options
Romania offers a range from boutique castles to countryside guesthouses.
Luxury:
Castle stays: Bethlen Estates (Transylvania), Zabola Estate (Covasna).
Urban: The Marmorosch (Bucharest), Kronwell (Brașov).
Mid-range:
Boutique hotels: Casa Luxemburg (Sibiu), Hotel Platinia (Cluj).
Guesthouses in Maramureș or Bucovina: Authentic wooden homes, ~US$60–100/night.
Budget:
Hostels: Podstel (Bucharest), JugendStil (Sibiu) ~US$15–35/night.
Rural pensions: US$25–45, usually with home-cooked meals.
Unique Stays:
Săliște yurts (Carpathians), or ice hotels near Bâlea Lake (winter only).
Eco-villages like Viscri 125 (Prince Charles-endorsed).
Tip: Book early for summer or winter holidays—domestic tourism is booming.
Getting Around
Transport varies by region—rural areas may require more planning.
Trains:
Connect major cities: Bucharest–Brașov, Sibiu–Cluj (scenic and affordable).
Use CFR Călători website for schedules. First class is comfortable (~US$12–30 per trip).
Slower than buses in some regions.
Buses & Minibuses:
Great for rural access (e.g., Maramureș villages).
Cheap (US$5–15), but limited schedules—check Autogari.ro.
Private coaches (e.g., FlixBus) for intercity routes.
Rental Cars:
Best for exploring Transylvania, Bucovina monasteries, or remote villages.
From ~US$30/day; fuel ~US$6.50/gallon. Roads are improving, but be alert in mountain areas.
Taxis & Ride Apps:
Use Bolt or Uber in cities like Bucharest or Cluj (short rides ~US$3–8).
Avoid unmarked taxis—scams are common.
Domestic Flights:
Useful only for longer distances (e.g., Bucharest to Iași or Timișoara, ~US$50–100).
Bold Recommendation: Combine trains for intercity travel with a rental car for regional exploration.
Handy Tips
Romania uses the Romanian Leu (RON). Bills come in 1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, and 500 lei denominations; coins include 1, 5, 10, and 50 bani (100 bani = 1 leu).
Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport kiosks—use local ATMs or exchange at banks for better rates.
Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in cities, but keep cash for rural areas, taxis, and local markets.
Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is customary, though often smaller than in the U.S.:
Restaurants/Bars: 10% (round up if service is good).
Taxis: Round up or add 5–10%.
Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; US$2–3/day for housekeeping.
Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person for full-day tours.
The official language is Romanian, a Romance language related to Italian and Spanish. English is commonly spoken in cities and tourist areas, less so in rural regions.
Helpful phrases:“Unde este cea mai apropiată stație de metrou?” (Where’s the nearest Metro station?)
“Cât costă…?” (How much is…?)
“Pot primi o chitanță?” (Can I get a receipt?)
Pro Tip: Romanians are warm and helpful—a polite “Mulțumesc” (Thank you) goes a long way.
Romania is generally safe, especially for tourists. Use standard precautions in crowded markets or public transport.
Avoid poorly lit areas at night in larger cities like Bucharest or Constanța.
Emergency Contacts:
- 112: All emergencies (police, fire, ambulance).
- Your Embassy: Many embassies are located in central Bucharest—save the address and contact info.
Romania uses 230V/50Hz with Type C and F plugs (two round pins).
Visitors from North America will need a voltage converter and plug adapter for some appliances, especially hair dryers or electric razors.
Tap water is safe in most cities and towns, though bottled water is widely consumed and available everywhere.
In rural areas or mountain villages, opt for bottled water.
Most public institutions, banks, and shops close on the following national holidays:
1 Jan: New Year’s Day
24 Jan: Unification Day
Orthodox Easter: Varies (Apr–May, Sunday + Monday)
1 May: Labor Day
1 Jun: Children’s Day
15 Aug: Assumption Day
30 Nov: St. Andrew’s Day
1 Dec: Great Union Day (Romania’s national day—military parades in Bucharest!)
25–26 Dec: Christmas
Shops: 09:00–21:00 (malls may stay open later).
Supermarkets: Open daily, some 24/7 (especially in cities).
Pharmacies: Weekdays 08:00–20:00; some stay open weekends or 24/7 in cities.
Markets: Farmers’ markets in cities (e.g., Obor Market in Bucharest) usually run 07:00–14:00.
Sarmale: Cabbage rolls stuffed with minced pork and rice, served with sour cream and polenta.
Ciorbă de burtă: Creamy tripe soup with vinegar and sour cream—unique and beloved.
Mici: Grilled skinless sausages made of mixed meats, often eaten with mustard and bread.
Ciorbă de perișoare: Sour meatball soup with vegetables and lovage herb.
Zacuscă: Smoky eggplant and pepper spread served on fresh bread.
Tochitură moldovenească: Hearty pork stew with garlic, cheese, and polenta.
Papanasi: Fried or boiled doughnuts topped with sour cream and fruit jam.
Cozonac: Sweet bread filled with nuts, cocoa, or Turkish delight (especially during holidays).
Clătite: Romanian-style crepes filled with chocolate, jam, or cheese.
Kürtőskalács: Transylvanian chimney cake coated in sugar, walnuts, or cinnamon.
Alcoholic:
Țuică: Traditional plum brandy (strong—drink responsibly!).
Palincă: A stronger cousin of țuică, often homemade.
Fetească Neagră: Rich, local red wine grown in Moldova and Muntenia.
Grasă de Cotnari: Aromatic sweet white wine.
Vinars: Romanian brandy, aged and smooth.
Craft Beer: Try local labels like Zăganu, Ground Zero, or Bereta.
Unfiltered Drafts: Available in Transylvanian bars and microbreweries.
Non-Alcoholic:
Borș: Fermented wheat bran liquid used in soups (sometimes served plain).
Sifon: Carbonated water dispensed from retro soda siphons.
Compot: Homemade fruit drink, served cold.
Cico: Classic Romanian soft drink (tangy and fruity).
Mineral Water: Borsec or Perla Harghitei—prized natural springs.
Bucharest’s Old Town: Cobbled streets, eclectic architecture, and hidden courtyards.
The People’s Palace: Second-largest administrative building in the world.
Painted Monasteries of Bucovina: UNESCO sites with vivid medieval frescoes.
Wooden Churches of Maramureș: Tall, narrow Gothic-style churches.
Dacian Fortresses: Ancient ruins in the Orăștie Mountains.
Village Life: Visit Viscri or Biertan for fortified churches and Saxon heritage.
Sibiu: Cultural capital with baroque plazas and art museums.
Iași: Historical university town with the grand Palace of Culture.
Mărțișor Tradition: In March, Romanians exchange red-and-white charms for spring.
Romanian Blouse (“ie”): Traditional embroidered shirts, often handmade and symbolic.
Thermal Spas: Relax at Therme Bucharest—Europe’s largest urban spa complex.
Carpathian Hiking: Explore Bucegi, Făgăraș, or Retezat Mountains.
Castles: Visit Bran Castle (Dracula legend) and Peleș Castle (neo-Renaissance gem).
Black Sea Resorts: Party in Mamaia or chill in Vama Veche.
River Cruises: Danube Delta tours offer wildlife, fishing, and slow adventure.
Folk Festivals: Join traditional events in Maramureș or Sibiu (e.g., Astra Festival).
Opera & Ballet: Book a performance at the Romanian Athenaeum or National Opera House.
Sibiu Christmas Market: Magical lights, mulled wine, local crafts (Nov–Dec).
Cluj Nightlife: Youthful city with cool cafés, underground bars, and music clubs.
Bike Tours: Enjoy countryside trails in Transylvania and rural Moldova.
Control Club (Bucharest): Indie music, cocktails, and expat crowds.
E3 by Entourage (Mamaia): Seaside rooftop club with international DJs.
Gradina Eden (Bucharest): Chill outdoor bar with boho vibes in summer.
Joben Bistro (Cluj): Steampunk-themed bar with mixology magic.
The Urbanist: Trendy Bucharest café-bar with live DJ sets.
Mojo (Bucharest): Multi-level British pub with karaoke and live bands.
Berăria H: Giant beer hall with Romanian food and folk performances.
Trei Bețivi: Dive bar with local craft beer and underground music.
Skybar: Rooftop bar in Dorobanți with city views and curated cocktails.
Hard Rock Cafe Bucharest: Familiar favorites, local rock fans, and river views.