PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Papua New Guinea, a land of extraordinary diversity, occupies the eastern half of New Guinea island and its offshore islands. It boasts rugged mountains, dense rainforests, and vibrant coral reefs. With over 800 indigenous languages, its rich tribal cultures, ancient traditions, and unparalleled biodiversity offer an adventurous and culturally immersive experience.
Region: Oceania (Melanesia)
Capital: Port Moresby
Official Languages: Tok Pisin, English, Hiri Motu, Papua New Guinean Sign Language
Level of Travel Safety: Exercise a high degree of caution due to high levels of violent crime, tribal violence, and civil unrest, particularly in urban centers and the Highlands. Piracy is also a risk in surrounding waters.
Why Visit Papua New Guinea?
Untouched Nature: Rainforests, volcanoes, remote islands, and coral reefs await with little tourism infrastructure.
World-Class Diving: From Milne Bay to Kavieng, discover sunken WWII wrecks, vibrant reefs, and exceptional marine biodiversity.
Rich Cultural Heritage: With over 800 indigenous languages, PNG offers access to tribal festivals (like the Mt. Hagen Show) and ancient customs that are still practiced today.
Birdwatching Paradise: The island is home to the stunning Bird of Paradise and hundreds of other endemic species.
Highland Adventures: Trek through the Kokoda Trail or hike around Mount Wilhelm, the country’s highest peak.
Authentic Village Experiences: Stay in traditional guesthouses, witness sing-sings, and explore local craftsmanship and storytelling.
Essential Trip Information
Visa and Entry Requirements
Most nationalities require a visa to enter Papua New Guinea.
eVisas are available for many travelers and can be obtained online.
Passport must be valid for at least six months from the date of arrival.
Travelers may need to show proof of return/onward travel, accommodation details, and sufficient funds.
Visa types, eligibility, and fees vary by nationality – check the official PNG Immigration & Citizenship Authority website for the latest requirements.
Currency
The official currency is the Papua New Guinean Kina (PGK).
Approximate exchange rate: 1 PGK ≈ US$0.27 (subject to change).
Best Ways to Handle Currency
Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount in advance; rates are better at ATMs once in PNG.
During Your Trip: Use ATMs in major cities like Port Moresby or Lae. Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are accepted in larger hotels and restaurants, but cash is essential for rural areas and markets.
What to Avoid: Currency exchange booths with high fees; always decline dynamic currency conversion and pay in PGK.
Language
English is the official language, along with Tok Pisin and Hiri Motu.
Helpful phrases in Tok Pisin:
- “Tenkyu tru” = Thank you very much
- “Mi no save” = I don’t know
- “We?” = Where?
Safety & Security
Travel in PNG requires vigilance. Crime can be a concern in urban areas.
Avoid walking alone at night, especially in Port Moresby.
Use local guides in rural areas and for cultural village visits.
Political tensions or tribal conflicts can occur in isolated areas – always check local advisories.
Emergency number: 111 (but may not always be reliable).
Health & Insurance
Vaccinations recommended: Hepatitis A, Typhoid, Malaria prophylaxis, and routine immunizations.
Tap water is not safe to drink – always use bottled or filtered water.
Medical facilities outside major cities are limited. Carry a first-aid kit and travel insurance with medical evacuation.
Mosquito repellent and sun protection are essential.
Transportation
Domestic flights (Air Niugini, PNG Air) are essential for covering large distances.
Taxis: Negotiate fare in advance. No meters.
Private drivers or hotel transport are the safest options.
Roads in rural areas can be poor or impassable during the rainy season (Dec–Mar).
Ferries and boats operate between islands but are not always reliable or safe.
Price Level
Papua New Guinea is a moderate-to-expensive destination, especially in remote or less-developed regions where logistics raise costs.
Accommodation
Budget: Guesthouses or hostels: US$30–60/night
Mid-range: Local hotels or B&Bs: US$80–150/night
Luxury: High-end resorts/lodges: US$200–500+/night
Food
Street eats/local markets: US$5–10
Casual dining: US$15–30/person
Fine dining (in Port Moresby or major hotels): US$50+/person
Drinks
Beer (local brands): US$3–6
Imported alcohol/cocktails: US$8–15
Bottled water: US$1–2
Transportation
Taxis (urban): US$5–20 per ride
Private drivers for day trips: US$80–200/day
Domestic flights: Often required due to terrain — expect US$150–400+ round trip
PMVs (Public Motor Vehicles): Cheap, but not recommended for tourists due to safety concerns
Money-Saving Tips
Travel with a group to share transport and guide costs.
Eat at local markets for authentic and affordable food.
Plan your itinerary around fewer locations to cut down on inter-island flight costs.
Explore Papua New Guinea
A challenging and historically significant trekking trail stretching across the Owen Stanley Range, south of Port Moresby. This arduous route through dense jungle and rugged mountains offers a deep dive into WWII history and stunning natural beauty.
Papua New Guinea’s longest river, winding through the northern lowlands. A journey along the Sepik offers an unparalleled cultural experience, visiting remote villages renowned for their elaborate wood carvings and traditional ceremonies.
The highest peak in Papua New Guinea, located in the Highlands region. This challenging climb offers trekkers incredible alpine scenery, diverse ecosystems, and the chance to pass through remote villages on their way to the summit.
Located at the eastern tip of Papua New Guinea, this province is famous for its vibrant coral reefs, excellent diving opportunities, and rich cultural diversity. Alotau serves as a gateway to explore its pristine marine environment and traditional practices.
Home to the Huli Wigmen, an iconic tribal group in the Highlands. A visit to the Tari Valley offers a profound cultural immersion, witnessing elaborate traditional dress, intricate ceremonial dances, and a glimpse into their unique way of life.
Papua New Guinea’s first national park, situated in the hills inland from Port Moresby. It offers well-maintained walking trails through rainforest and savanna, excellent bird-watching opportunities (including birds of paradise), and panoramic views of the coast.
A town on the island of New Britain, dominated by active volcanoes, including Mount Tavurvur. Rabaul offers dramatic volcanic landscapes, WWII relics, hot springs, and opportunities to explore the fascinating history of this former provincial capital.
Located in the capital city of Port Moresby. This park showcases Papua New Guinea’s rich biodiversity, featuring over 150 species of native flora and fauna, including tree kangaroos, cassowaries, and various birds of paradise.
A world-renowned diving and snorkeling destination on the island of New Britain. Its pristine waters are home to an extraordinary diversity of coral and marine life, making it a hotspot for underwater exploration.
stunning freshwater lake located in the Southern Highlands Province. Surrounded by dense rainforest, it’s a significant cultural site and a biodiversity hotspot, offering opportunities for cultural tours and bird watching.
Smart Travel
Key Advantages:
- Lowest Prices (accommodation, tours)
- Fewer Crowds (more intimate experiences)
- Lush, Vibrant Landscapes (waterfalls at their peak)
- Dramatic Cloud Formations (stunning photography)
- Unique Cultural Events (some tribal ceremonies occur during this time)
Main Drawbacks:
- High Temperatures & Humidity (consistently 80-90ºF / 27-32ºC)
- Heavy Rainfall (can cause travel disruptions and make roads impassable)
- Increased Risk of Tropical Cyclones (especially in coastal areas)
- Reduced Visibility for Diving/Snorkeling (due to runoff)
- Limited Access to Remote Areas (some trekking routes may close).
Key Regions:
- Sepik River Basin: River travel is more feasible due to higher water levels, enhancing cultural encounters with remote villages.
- Milne Bay Province (Alotau): Offers lush scenery, though diving might have reduced visibility, still great for cultural insights.
- Coastal areas (Port Moresby, Lae): While hot and humid, indoor attractions and urban experiences are less crowded.
Key Advantages:
- Improving Weather (less rain, still warm and humid)
- Manageable Crowds (before or after peak season)
- Reasonable Prices (better value than peak season)
- Good for Diving and Bird Watching (improving conditions)
- Cultural Festivals (some smaller festivals take place)
Main Drawbacks:
- Still warm and humid, especially early in the shoulder season (75-85ºF / 24-29ºC).
- Can experience transitional weather with unpredictable showers.
- Some popular areas might start to see more visitors towards the end of the shoulder.
Key Regions:
- Highlands Region (Mount Hagen, Goroka): Pleasant temperatures for exploring cultural festivals and markets, before or after the main dry season.
- New Britain (Kimbe Bay, Rabaul): Excellent diving conditions with good visibility as the wet season recedes or before it begins.
- Trobriand Islands: Enjoy unique cultural traditions and beautiful beaches in comfortable conditions.
- Dry Season (June – September)
- Major Cultural Festivals (e.g., Mount Hagen Show, Goroka Show, usually August/September)
- Kokoda Track trekking season (prime time for hikers)
Planning Your Trip
Local Customs And Etiquette
Respect Traditions: Ask permission before taking photos of people or sacred sites.
Dress Modestly: Cover shoulders/knees, especially in villages.
Gift-Giving: Small tokens (e.g., betel nuts) appreciated when visiting communities.
Haggling: Not common—pay fixed prices in markets.
Safety: Avoid political discussions and don’t travel after dark.
Budgeting For Your Trip
PNG is expensive due to imported goods and logistical challenges.
Accommodation:
Budget guesthouses (US$30–60), mid-range hotels (US$80–150), luxury lodges (US$300+).
Food:
Local markets (US$5–10/meal), casual eateries (US$10–20), resort dining (US$30–50+).
Transport:
Domestic flights (US$100–250 one-way), private drivers (US$80–150/day), water taxis and boats (US$10–50/trip).
Activities:
Guided hikes (US$50–100), diving/snorkeling (US$100–200/day), cultural tours (US$50–75).
Daily Budget:
Budget: US$100–130 (guesthouses, local food, limited transport).
Mid-range: US$180–300 (flights, hotels, guided activities).
Luxury: US$400+ (lodges, private transfers, premium tours).
Internet & Mobile
Wi-Fi: Limited and slow—major hotels/resorts offer it (often paid).
SIM Cards: Digicel or Telikom PNG (US$5–10 for basic plans). Buy at airports.
Coverage: Spotty outside cities—download maps offline.
Travel Insurance
Essential: Covers medical evacuation (PNG’s healthcare is basic).
Adventure Coverage: Required for trekking/diving (e.g., Kokoda Track).
Theft Protection: Common in cities—keep valuables secure.
Final Tip: PNG rewards the prepared traveler—organize logistics early and prioritize safety.
Accomodation Options
PNG offers limited but varied lodging—book ahead, especially during festivals.
Hotels:
- Luxury: Airways Hotel (Port Moresby) or Rondon Ridge (Mount Hagen).
- Mid-range: Lamana Hotel (Port Moresby) or Highlander Hotel (Goroka).
- Budget: Guesthouses (e.g., Kokopo Beach Bungalows).
Eco-Lodges:
- Tufi Dive Resort or Walindi Plantation Resort (for divers).
Homestays:
- Rural villages offer cultural immersion—arrange through tour operators.
Tip: Stay in secure, well-reviewed properties—avoid isolated areas at night.
Getting Around
PNG’s rugged terrain and limited infrastructure make travel challenging.
Domestic Flights:
- Essential for long distances (e.g., Port Moresby to Goroka). Airlines include Air Niugini and PNG Air.
- Book early—flights fill quickly and are often delayed.
Boats:
- Ferries: Limited routes (e.g., Port Moresby to Lae). Safety standards vary—choose reputable operators.
- Charter boats: For island-hopping (e.g., Trobriand Islands).
Public Motor Vehicles (PMVs):
- Shared minibuses—cheap but overcrowded and unreliable. Not recommended for tourists.
4×4 Vehicles:
- Best for remote areas (e.g., Highlands). Rent with a local driver (roads are hazardous).
Walking:
- Guided treks only (e.g., Kokoda Track). Never hike alone due to safety risks.
Tip: Plan transport in advance and allow flexibility for delays.
Handy Tips
Papua New Guinea (PNG) uses the Kina (PGK). Notes come in 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 Kina denominations; coins include toea (100 toea = 1 Kina).
Exchanging Currency: Exchange money at major banks or licensed forex bureaus—avoid street money changers. Port Moresby’s Jacksons Airport has limited, expensive options.
Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are accepted in hotels, major supermarkets, and restaurants in Port Moresby and larger towns. Carry cash in rural areas—many places are cash-only.
Tipping Etiquette: Tipping isn’t customary, but appreciated for excellent service.
- Restaurants/Bars: Round up the bill or tip 5–10% in nicer venues.
- Taxis/Drivers: No tipping expected, but small change is appreciated.
- Hotel Staff: US$1–2 equivalent for porters; same per night for housekeeping.
- Guides: US$5–10 per person/day for day tours; more for multi-day treks.
English is one of the official languages and widely spoken in urban centers, but Tok Pisin (Melanesian Pidgin) is the true lingua franca.
Common Phrases:
- “Yu stap gut?” (How are you?)
- “Mi laik baim dispela” (I want to buy this)
- “Em hamas?” (How much is this?)
Pro Tip: A smile goes a long way. Locals are friendly but may be shy—be respectful and patient, especially in remote areas.
PNG is a beautiful but developing nation—exercise caution, especially after dark and when outside major towns.
Avoid walking alone at night, especially in Port Moresby and Lae.
Travel with a guide or group when exploring rural regions.
Keep valuables hidden and use hotel safes when available.
Emergency Numbers:
- 111: Police
- 110: Ambulance & Fire (limited response in remote areas)
- Your Embassy: Most are located in Port Moresby—keep contacts saved.
PNG uses 240V/50Hz with Type I plugs (three flat pins in a triangle pattern). Bring a plug adapter and check if your devices support 240V.
Tap water is not safe to drink in most of PNG. Stick to:
Bottled water (available in stores and hotels).
Boiled or filtered water for brushing teeth or making tea/coffee.
Avoid ice cubes unless confirmed safe.
Most businesses, government offices, and services close on:
1 Jan: New Year’s Day
March/April: Good Friday & Easter Monday (dates vary)
23 Jul: National Remembrance Day
16 Sep: Independence Day
25 Dec: Christmas Day
26 Dec: Boxing Day
Note: Local festivals like Mount Hagen Cultural Show (Aug) and Goroka Show (Sep) may also affect local services.
Shops: Open 8:00–17:00 (Mon–Sat); most closed on Sundays.
Supermarkets: 8:00–18:00 daily (some open on Sundays in cities).
Markets: Best visited early morning—fresh produce and crafts.
Pharmacies: 8:00–17:00; limited 24-hour options outside Port Moresby.
Mumu: Traditional earth-oven feast with pork, sweet potato, and greens wrapped in banana leaves.
Saksak: Sago dumplings cooked in coconut milk, often eaten with meat or fish.
Kaukau: Local sweet potatoes, roasted or boiled, and a dietary staple.
Aigir: Highland-style stew with chicken, greens, and coconut cream.
Taro and Banana Pudding: Savory base often served with grilled fish.
Grilled River Fish: Caught fresh in the Sepik River, seasoned simply and charcoal grilled.
Cassava Chips: Crunchy snack made from deep-fried cassava roots.
Pitpit: Wild sugarcane-like vegetable, grilled or steamed with coconut.
Kokoda: PNG-style ceviche—raw fish marinated in lime and coconut cream.
Banana Cake: Moist, dense, and often served at village gatherings.
Sago Pancakes: Sticky, slightly chewy dessert made from sago flour and sugar.
Alcoholic:
South Pacific Lager (SP Lager): The national beer—light, crisp, and widely loved.
Niugini Ice Beer: Stronger beer with a clean, smooth finish.
Coconut Wine: A local spirit made from fermented coconut sap—strong and earthy.
Kumul Beer: A newer craft-style local brew with mild bitterness.
Matupit Firewater: Village-distilled spirit—very strong and not for the faint-hearted.
PNG Highland Wine (experimental): Rare and mostly home-made; ask locals.
Non-Alcoholic:
Buai Juice: Betel nut-based drink, sometimes mixed with lime and ginger.
Fresh Coconut Water: Chilled and served in its shell on hot days.
Ginger Lemongrass Tea: Herbal tea widely served in the highlands.
Soursop Juice: Creamy, tropical fruit juice—sweet and refreshing.
PNG Coffee: Grown in the highlands—rich, earthy, and world-class.
Rainforest Fruit Smoothies: Blended from pawpaw, guava, and passionfruit.
Scuba Diving: Explore WWII wrecks & vibrant coral reefs in Kimbe Bay or Milne Bay.
Cultural Festivals: Goroka & Mount Hagen shows showcase tribal dances and body art.
Hiking the Kokoda Track: A historic and spiritual experience (plan well!).
Snorkeling: Idyllic reefs in Madang and Kavieng.
Birdwatching: See birds of paradise in Tari Basin or Varirata National Park.
Tufi Fjords: Kayaking, snorkeling, and diving in stunning tropical fjords.
Island Hopping: Especially in New Ireland and Manus Provinces.
Village Stays: Experience daily life and customs in rural communities.
Markets: Buy bilums (woven bags), shell jewelry, and tapa cloths.
Papua New Guinea National Museum & Art Gallery: Great overview of the country’s rich cultural diversity.
Tribal Diversity: PNG has 800+ languages and thousands of distinct tribes.
Traditional Dress: Feathers, body paint, and pig tusks are still worn in festivals.
Sepik River Art: Renowned for spirit masks and wood carvings.
Asaro Mudmen (Eastern Highlands): Warriors covered in grey clay with eerie masks.
Huli Wigmen (Southern Highlands): Elaborate headdresses made from human hair.
Stilt Villages: Lake Kutubu and coastal Gulf Province feature water-bound communities.
WWII History: Battle sites and memorials along the Kokoda Track.
Christianity & Ancestor Worship: Churches blend with traditional beliefs.
Port Moresby’s Ela Beach: Weekend spot with cultural performances.
Respect Customs: Always ask before taking photos of locals or sacred sites.
The Sanctuary Hotel Bar (Port Moresby): Lush garden setting with tropical cocktails.
Aviat Club (Port Moresby): Members club that opens to visitors—great beer and poolside hangouts.
Lamana Gold Club: PNG’s most popular nightclub—live music and packed dance floor.
The Deck: Cozy pub atmosphere with wood-fired pizzas and ice-cold SP Lager.
Vision City Mega Mall Bars: Good for evening cocktails with a modern twist.
Rabaul Yacht Club: Scenic, quiet spot for a beer near the sea.
Highlander Hotel Bar (Mount Hagen): Local drinks with sweeping mountain views.
Kimbe Bay Lodge Bar: Sip a drink while watching the sunset over the Coral Sea.
Madang Resort Bar: Laid-back, open-air bar with sea breeze and fresh seafood.
Ela Beach Hotel Lounge: Classy cocktails near one of Port Moresby’s top beaches.