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PANAMA

Panama is more than just a canal—it’s a narrow isthmus that changed the course of world trade, sliced continents apart, and fused cultures together. Bridging North and South America, Panama is a land of contrasts: skyscrapers rise above lush rainforest, sloths dangle beside highways, and surfers chase Pacific waves while ships glide through the Caribbean-bound locks just miles away. It’s one of the few places where you can watch the sun rise over the Atlantic and set on the Pacific—all in a single day.

For centuries, indigenous peoples like the Guna and Emberá thrived in Panama’s thick jungles and coastal islands. Spanish conquistadors turned it into a colonial linchpin, hauling gold across the isthmus on the Camino Real. But it wasn’t until the 20th century, with the completion of the Panama Canal, that this small country became a global crossroads. American military presence left behind bases, bagels, and baseball. Today, a booming economy, biodiverse national parks, and one of the most cosmopolitan capitals in Latin America make Panama a destination that’s always in motion.

Why Visit Panama?

Beaches & Islands: Pristine shores in Bocas del Toro, San Blas, and Santa Catalina.

Biodiversity Hotspot: Explore rainforests (Darien, Soberanía National Park) and spot sloths, monkeys, and toucans.

Casco Viejo: UNESCO-listed colonial charm with rooftop bars and cobblestone streets.

Affordable Luxury: World-class resorts at lower costs than Caribbean neighbors.

Indigenous Cultures: Visit Guna Yala (San Blas) or Emberá villages.

Panama Canal: Marvel at this engineering wonder (Miraflores Locks).

Smart Travel: Off-Season Deals & Delights

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices: Flights and accommodation rates are at their absolute lowest, especially outside of school holiday periods within this season.
  • Fewer Crowds: Major attractions, historical sites, and national parks are significantly less crowded, offering a more intimate experience.
  • Authentic Local Vibe: Experience Panama like a local, with more opportunities to interact with residents and enjoy a serene atmosphere.
  • Lush Green Landscapes: The “green season” brings vibrant, verdant scenery, with waterfalls at their fullest and rainforests thriving.
  • Whale Watching (July – October): This period coincides with prime whale watching season on both the Pacific and Caribbean coasts, a unique and spectacular draw.

Main Drawbacks:

  • Rainy Season: This is Panama’s “green season” which means daily rain showers are common, though usually short-lived and often in the afternoon.
  • Humidity: The humidity can be quite high, especially after rainfall.
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (certain types): Some outdoor activities, particularly those dependent on continuous sunshine, might be interrupted by rain. Hiking trails can be muddy.
  • Rougher Seas (Caribbean): The Caribbean coast can experience rougher seas during parts of this season, which might affect some water-based activities.

Regions:

  • Panama City: The capital city is less bustling, allowing for more comfortable exploration of Casco Viejo (Old Quarter), the Panama Canal, and various museums. Rain showers often provide a refreshing break.
  • Bocas del Toro: While rainier, the archipelago still offers plenty to do, from exploring lush islands to enjoying calmer waters in protected bays. Prices are significantly lower.
  • Boquete: This highland town in the Chiriquí Highlands is particularly vibrant and green during the rainy season, with coffee plantations thriving and waterfalls at their most impressive. The cooler temperatures are a welcome change.
  • Pearl Islands (Pacific): During the whale watching season, these islands offer incredible opportunities to see humpback whales, along with fewer crowds on their pristine beaches.
  • San Blas Islands: While remote, the Guna Yala region is even more serene during the off-season, offering an authentic cultural experience with the Guna people and idyllic, quiet beaches.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather: This period generally offers Panama’s driest and sunniest weather, with pleasant temperatures and lower humidity.
  • Manageable Crowds: Tourist numbers are lower than in peak holiday periods, but attractions are fully open and vibrant.
  • Reasonable Prices: Flights and accommodation are more affordable than during major holidays, though slightly higher than the deep off-season (May-November).
  • Excellent Outdoor Activities: Perfect conditions for hiking, exploring national parks, and enjoying beaches and water sports.
  • Festivals & Events: Many vibrant local festivals and cultural events take place, including various regional fairs and celebrations.

Main Drawbacks:

  • Slightly Higher Prices: While not peak, prices will be higher than the May-November period.
  • Increased Crowds during specific weeks: Be aware that school breaks and specific holidays within this period (e.g., Carnival, Semana Santa) will see a surge in domestic and international tourism, driving up prices and crowds.
  • Drier Landscapes (late in season): Towards April, some areas might start to look a bit drier after months without significant rain.

Regions:

  • Panama City: Excellent weather for exploring all aspects of the city, from its modern skyline to the historic Casco Viejo, and a comfortable visit to the Panama Canal.
  • Bocas del Toro: The islands are at their best with calm, clear waters, perfect for snorkeling, diving, and beach hopping.
  • Boquete: Ideal conditions for hiking to waterfalls, exploring coffee farms, and enjoying the cooler mountain climate.
  • Pacific Coast Beaches (e.g., Coronado, Santa Catalina): Perfect for enjoying the sun, surfing, and other water activities. This is a great time to visit Santa Catalina for surf and access to Coiba National Park.
  • Azuero Peninsula: Explore charming towns, enjoy unspoiled beaches, and experience local culture under pleasant weather conditions.

Christmas and New Year Holiday Period (Mid-December to Early January): This period sees a significant surge in prices and crowds across all popular destinations in Panama. Flights and accommodation are at their most expensive, and popular attractions will be very busy.

Carnival (February/March – dates vary): Carnival is a major national holiday in Panama, particularly vibrant outside of Panama City. While an incredible cultural experience, prices for accommodation and transport soar in popular Carnival towns (e.g., Las Tablas, Penonomé), and crowds are intense.

Semana Santa (Holy Week – March/April – dates vary): Similar to Carnival, Holy Week is a significant national holiday with increased domestic travel, leading to higher prices and crowds in popular tourist areas, especially coastal towns.

School Holiday Periods (national and international): Specific weeks during the year, particularly during mid-year school breaks (e.g., June/July for some international schools, or local school holidays), can see a bump in demand and prices, especially in family-friendly destinations.

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Essential Trip Information

  • Panama’s entry rules vary by nationality. Check official visa requirements here.

  • Many nationalities (including U.S., Canada, EU, UK, Australia) receive a 90-day tourist stamp on arrival.

  • Passports must be valid for at least 3 months beyond your stay.

  • Immigration may ask for proof of onward travel, accommodation, and US$500+ in funds.

  • Tourist cards (US$20–100) may apply depending on nationality.

  • Panama uses the U.S. Dollar (US$) and the Panamanian Balboa (PAB), which is pegged 1:1 to USD.

  • Best Ways to Handle Currency:

    • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount; ATMs offer better rates.

    • During Your Trip: Use ATMs (Banco General, Scotiabank). Credit cards (Visa/Mastercard) are widely accepted, but carry US$20–50 cash for rural areas.

    • What to Avoid: Dynamic currency conversion (choose USD) and street money changers.

  • Spanish is official; English is spoken in tourist areas.

  • Helpful phrases: “Buenos días,” “¿Cuánto cuesta?” (“Good morning,” “How much?”)

  • Generally safe, but watch for pickpockets in crowded areas (Albrook Bus Terminal, Casco Viejo).

  • Avoid walking alone at night in certain Panama City neighborhoods (e.g., El Chorrillo).

  • Emergency number: 911.

  • Recommended vaccines: Hepatitis A, Typhoid (check CDC guidelines).

  • Malaria/Dengue risk in rural areas (use repellent).

  • Tap water is safe in cities; stick to bottled water in remote regions.

  • Pharmacies (Farmacias Arrocha, Metro) are widely available.

  • Buses: Cheap but slow; long-distance (e.g., Panama City to David: US$15–25).

  • Metro (Panama City): US$0.35–1.50/ride.

  • Taxis/Uber: Uber is cheaper than cabs (negotiate taxi fares upfront).

  • Domestic flights: Air Panama & Copa connect major destinations.

  • Car rentals: US$30–60/day (highway tolls apply).

Panama City is moderately priced; Bocas del Toro and tourist hubs can be pricier.

Accommodation:

  • Budget: Hostels (US$15–30), budget hotels (40–80/night)

  • Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$90–150/night)

  • Luxury: 5-star resorts (US$200+/night)

Food:

  • Quick eats: Street food (US$2–5), local cafeˊs 5–10)

  • Casual dining: US$12–25/person

  • Fine dining: US$40+/person

Drinks:

  • Beer: US$1–3 (stores), 3–5 (bars)

  • Cocktails: US$6–12

Transportation:

  • City buses: US$0.25–1.50

  • Taxis: US$3–10 (short trips); Uber (cheaper in Panama City)

  • Domestic flights: US$50–150 (e.g., Panama City to Bocas)

Money-Saving Tips:

  • Eat at local fondas (cheap Panamanian meals).

  • Take public buses (Metrobus) in Panama City.

  • Visit free attractions (Casco Viejo, Amador Causeway).

Explore Panama

PANAMA CITY
SAN BLAS ISLANDS
BOQUETE
BOCAS DEL TORO
DARIÉN GAP
SANTA CATALINA
EL VALLE DE ANTÓN
PORTOBELO
COIBA NATIONAL PARK
GATUN LAKE

Planning Your Trip

Panama has a tropical climate with a dry season (mid-December to April) and a rainy season (May to November), each offering different experiences.

  • Dry Season (Mid-December–April):

    • Best for beaches & outdoor adventures—sunny skies, low humidity (75–90°F / 24–32°C).

    • Peak tourist season—book flights and hotels early, especially around Christmas, New Year’s, and Semana Santa (Holy Week).

    • Ideal for snorkeling, hiking, and exploring San Blas Islands or Bocas del Toro.

  • Rainy Season (May–November):

    • Fewer crowds & lower prices—short, intense downpours (usually in the afternoon).

    • Lush landscapes—great for rainforest hikes (e.g., Darien Gap, Boquete).

    • Surfing is best on the Pacific Coast (June–August).

Tip: For a balance of good weather and affordability, visit in December (early dry season) or May (shoulder season).

  • Greetings: A handshake or light hug is common. Say “Buenas” (hello).

  • Dress Code: Casual but modest in rural areas. Resort wear is fine at beaches.

  • Tipping:

    • Restaurants: 10% is customary (check if service charge is included).

    • Taxis: Round up the fare.

  • Bargaining: Acceptable in markets (e.g., Mola textiles), not in stores.

  • Accommodation: Hostels (US$10–25),hotels 50–150), luxury (US$200+).
  • Food: Street food (US$2–5), casual meal 8–15), fine dining (US$30+).
  • Transport: City buses (US$0.25–1.50), 3–10), domestic flights (US$50–150).
  • Activities: Free (beaches, hiking), tours (US$20–100), San Blas trips 100+).

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$30–50 (hostels, street food, buses).

  • Mid-range: US$80–150 (hotels, tours, meals).

  • Luxury: US$200+ (resorts, private guides).

  • Free Wi-Fi: Available in cafes, malls, and hotels.

  • SIM Cards:

    • Digicel/Movistar (US$5–10 for 1–5GB).

  • eSIMs: Supported (Airalo, Holafly).

  • Recommended for: Medical emergencies, trip cancellations (common in rainy season).

  • Adventure coverage: Needed for hiking, surfing, or jungle tours.

  • Healthcare: Private clinics are affordable but insurance is wise.

Tip: Check if your policy covers remote areas (e.g., San Blas, Darien).

From luxury high-rises to jungle eco-lodges, Panama caters to all budgets.

  • Luxury:

    • Waldorf Astoria (Panama City), Nayara Bocas del Toro (overwater bungalows).

  • Mid-Range:

    • Tantalo Hotel (Panama City), Selina Hostels (Bocas, Boquete).

  • Budget:

    • Hostels (US10–25/night),guesthouses(US30–60).

  • Unique Stays:

    • Treehouse lodges (Gamboa), eco-resorts (Isla Palenque).

Tip: In San Blas, options are basic (no electricity in some cabins)—pack accordingly.

Panama’s transport varies from modern city transit to rustic island boats.

  • Metro & Buses (Panama City):

    • Metro de Panamá (Line 1 & 2) – Cheap (US$0.35–0.75), connects major areas.

    • Metrobús (US$0.25–1.50) – Requires a reloadable card (sold at stations).

  • Taxis & Rideshares:

    • Uber is affordable (US$3–10 for short trips).

    • Yellow taxis – Negotiate fares beforehand (no meters).

  • Domestic Flights:

    • Air Panama & Copa Airlines connect to Bocas del Toro, David, and San Blas (US$50–150 one-way).

  • Boats & Ferries:

    • Essential for islands (Bocas del Toro, San Blas, Pearl Islands).

  • Car Rentals:

    • Useful for road trips (e.g., Panama City → Boquete). Avoid driving in the city (chaotic traffic).

Tip: For San Blas, book a 4×4 transfer (rough roads) and confirm boat schedules in advance.

Handy Tips

Panama uses the US Dollar (US$) as its official currency. Bills and coins are identical to those in the U.S. (pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters).

  • Exchanging Currency: ATMs (called “cajeros automáticos”) offer the best rates. Avoid exchanging at airports or street vendors.

  • Using Cards: Major credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are accepted in cities, but carry cash for rural areas, markets, and small vendors.

  • Tipping Etiquette:

    • Restaurants/Bars: 10% is standard (check if service charge is included).

    • Taxis: Round up or tip 5–10% for long rides.

    • Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; 2–5 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person for group tours.

Spanish is the official language, but English is widely spoken in tourist areas. Helpful phrases:

  • “¿Dónde está el baño?” (Where’s the bathroom?)

  • “¿Cuánto cuesta?” (How much is this?)

  • “La cuenta, por favor” (The bill, please).

  • Pro Tip: Panamanians are friendly—greet with “Buenas” (Good day) before asking questions.

Panama is generally safe, but be cautious in crowded areas (e.g., Albrook Bus Terminal) and avoid walking alone at night in certain neighborhoods (e.g., El Chorrillo).

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 911: All emergencies (police, medical, fire).

    • 104: Tourist police (English-speaking).

    • Your Embassy: Keep details handy (most are in Panama City).

Panama uses 120V/60Hz with Type A/B plugs (same as the U.S.). No adapter needed for U.S. devices.

Tap water is safe to drink in most cities, but stick to bottled water in rural areas. Restaurants serve filtered water (“agua pura”).

Major closures on:

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • Carnival (Feb/Mar): Epic celebrations (expect closures Tue–Wed before Ash Wednesday).

  • Good Friday & Easter Sunday (Mar/Apr): Processions nationwide.

  • 1 May: Labor Day

  • 3 Nov: Independence Day (from Colombia).

  • 4 Nov: Flag Day

  • 28 Nov: Independence Day (from Spain).

  • 25 Dec: Christmas Day
    Note: Banks/government offices close; tourist sites remain open but crowded.

  • Stores: 9:00–18:00 (malls open until 21:00).

  • Supermarkets: 7:00–22:00 (some 24/7 in cities).

  • Markets: Visit Mercado de Mariscos (Panama City) for fresh seafood or Artisan markets (e.g., Casco Viejo) for handicrafts.

  • Sancocho: Panama’s national dish—hearty chicken soup with root vegetables and culantro.

  • Carimañolas: Yuca fritters stuffed with spiced beef or cheese—crispy outside, soft inside.

  • Ropa Vieja: Shredded beef stewed with peppers and spices—served over rice.

  • Tamal de Olla: Unlike the Mexican tamale—this is cooked in a pot with cornmeal, pork, olives, and raisins.

  • Arroz con Guandú y Coco: Rice with pigeon peas and coconut milk—a Caribbean classic.

  • Ceviche de Corvina: Fresh sea bass marinated in lime, onions, and cilantro—best from fish markets like Mercado de Mariscos.

  • Hojaldres: Puffy fried bread often paired with savory sausage or eggs.

  • Torrejitas de Bacalao: Salt cod fritters with crunchy edges and soft center.

  • Dulce de Leche Cocadas: Sweet coconut clusters made with condensed milk.

  • Bienmesabe: A creamy dessert made with vanilla, almonds, and coconut—Spanish roots, Panamanian soul.

Alcoholic:

  • Seco Herrerano: Panama’s national spirit—sugarcane-based and usually mixed with fruit juice or coconut water.

  • Ron Abuelo: Award-winning local rum—try the 7 Años or Centuria for a premium taste.

  • Panama Lager: Crisp, light beer—found everywhere and ideal for tropical heat.

  • Balboa Beer: A slightly bolder Panamanian lager with more body.

  • Atlas Golden Light: Low-calorie and ultra-refreshing.

  • Chicha Fuerte: Fermented corn drink with indigenous roots—potent and rare.

  • Guarapo: Fermented sugarcane juice—strong and rustic, often homemade.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Chicheme: Corn-based drink with cinnamon and vanilla—thick, sweet, and best cold.

  • Café de Boquete: Specialty coffee from Panama’s highlands—bright, fruity, and globally acclaimed.

  • Batido de Papaya: Tropical smoothie made with ripe papaya and milk or water.

  • Raspado: Shaved ice with fruit syrup and condensed milk—sold by street vendors.

  • Agua de Pipa: Fresh coconut water straight from the shell—hydrating and refreshing.

  • Casco Viejo: UNESCO-listed old quarter—colonial churches, pastel buildings, and rooftop bars.

  • Biomuseo: Designed by Frank Gehry—vivid museum exploring Panama’s natural and cultural history.

  • Miraflores Locks: Watch mega-ships squeeze through the Panama Canal’s famous locks.

  • Festival de la Pollera: A dazzling celebration of Panama’s traditional dress, music, and dance.

  • Guna Yala Culture: Indigenous communities of the San Blas islands—famed for colorful molas.

  • Portobelo’s Congo Culture: Afro-Panamanian heritage kept alive through drumming, dance, and masks.

  • El Tamborito: Panama’s national dance—performed with handclaps and folk drums.

  • Panama Viejo Ruins: Crumbling stone remains of the original Spanish city sacked by pirates.

  • Las Tablas Carnival: One of the biggest celebrations in Latin America—floats, firecrackers, and fierce rivalries.

  • Museum of Afro-Antillean Culture: Celebrating the West Indian workers who built the canal.

  • Causeway Amador: Rent a bike and ride between islands with skyline views.

  • Nightlife in Casco Viejo: Rooftop bars like Tantalo and salsa joints like CasaCasco.

  • Paddleboarding on Gatun Lake: Glide beside ships and jungle sounds.

  • Hiking in Metropolitan Natural Park: City skyline meets tropical forest.

  • Snorkeling in Coiba: Pristine coral reefs, whale sharks, and rays.

  • Ziplining in Boquete: Soar over cloud forests and coffee plantations.

  • Beach lounging in Bocas del Toro: Caribbean vibes, hammock naps, and turquoise water.

  • Surfing in Santa Catalina: Panama’s top surf town with consistent Pacific swells.

  • Birdwatching in Darién: Over 1,000 bird species—toucans, eagles, and hummingbirds.

  • Hot Springs in Caldera: Natural pools to soak after mountain adventures.

  • Pedro Mandinga Rum Bar: Try their rum flights or passionfruit mojito.

  • Tantalo Rooftop Bar: Iconic Casco Viejo rooftop with skyline views and DJs.

  • La Rana Dorada: Local craft brewery—sample IPAs and stouts in a pub setting.

  • CasaCasco: Multi-floor club, cocktail bar, and gourmet dining all in one.

  • Relic Bar: Set in a stone cellar—eclectic crowd and live music.

  • El Apartamento: Cozy, speakeasy-style bar with mixology magic.

  • Selina Playa Venao: Beach party central—bonfires, DJs, and backpacker vibes.

  • The Wallace: British-style pub in Panama City with whiskies and craft beers.

  • Chupitos 507: Shot bar with wild flavors and late-night energy.

  • Zaza Lounge: Elegant cocktails, live jazz, and a stylish crowd in the heart of the city.

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