OMAN

Oman, a sultanate on the southeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, boasts a rich maritime history, stunning diverse landscapes from rugged mountains to vast deserts and pristine coastlines. Its culture is deeply rooted in Islamic traditions and renowned for its warm hospitality.

Region: Middle East

Capital: Muscat

Official Language: Arabic

Level of Travel Safety: Oman is generally considered a very safe and stable country with low crime rates. However, due to regional geopolitical tensions, advisories recommend exercising a high degree of caution, particularly near the border with Yemen. Stay informed about local and international developments and follow official guidance.

A map of the Middle East with Oman highlighted in green.

Why Visit Oman?

Majestic Landscapes: From the red dunes of Wahiba Sands to the fjord-like coast of Musandam, Oman’s natural diversity is breathtaking.

Authentic Culture: Omani hospitality, Bedouin traditions, and ancient forts give a glimpse into a proud heritage.

Adventure Activities: Wadi hiking, desert camping, scuba diving, and caving in the world’s second-largest underground chamber.

A traditional wooden boat (dhow) sails on the sea with rugged, mountainous coastline in the background.

Stunning Beaches: Swim in turquoise waters, relax on untouched white sands, or snorkel with sea turtles.

Historic Cities: Explore Muscat’s mosques and souks, Nizwa’s ancient fort, and Bahla – a UNESCO-listed oasis.

Safe and Welcoming: One of the region’s safest countries, Oman offers peace, warm welcomes, and respectful tourism.

Vast sand dunes under a clear blue sky, creating a desert landscape.

Essential Trip Information

Most travelers can apply for an eVisa online in advance.

Citizens of GCC countries (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE) do not need a visa.

eVisas are typically valid for 10 or 30 days depending on the type.

Passport must be valid for at least six months beyond the date of entry.

Immigration officers may ask for proof of accommodation, return ticket, and sufficient funds.

Apply via the official portal here

Oman uses the Omani Rial (OMR).

Exchange rate: 1 OMR ≈ US$2.60 (always check current rates).

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount; Omani ATMs give good rates.
  • During Your Trip: Credit/debit cards widely accepted in Muscat. Carry cash for rural areas and small vendors.
  • What to Avoid: Airport exchange counters and dynamic currency conversion – always pay in OMR.

Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken, especially in tourist areas.

Helpful phrases: “Shukran” (Thank you), “Min fadlak” (Please), “Ayna…?” (Where is…?)

Oman is one of the safest countries in the region.

Solo female travelers are generally safe but should dress modestly.

Emergency number: 9999

No special vaccines needed.

Travel insurance strongly recommended (especially for U.S. care costs).

Pharmacies like Walgreens or CVS in the U.S., Shoppers Drug Mart in Canada.

Altitude sickness can affect travelers over 8,000 ft (2,400m)—hydrate and acclimate slowly.

Car rental is the best way to explore Oman’s remote sites.

Public transport is limited outside Muscat.

Taxis don’t use meters – agree on price beforehand.

Ride-sharing apps (e.g., OTaxi) operate in major cities.

Roads are well-maintained but watch for mountain driving and desert conditions.

Oman is moderately priced, with good value outside of luxury resorts.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses/camps: US$35–70/night

  • Mid-range: Hotels, eco-lodges: US$80–150/night

  • Luxury: Beach resorts, desert lodges: US$250+/night

Food

  • Street food/local cafés: US$4–10

  • Casual restaurants: US$15–25/person

  • Upscale dining: US$40–70/person

Drinks

  • Non-alcoholic beverages: US$1–3

  • Alcohol (limited venues): Beer US$10–15, Cocktails US$20+

Transportation

  • Intercity taxis: US$10–40

  • Car rentals: US$40–60/day

  • 4X4 required for many natural sites

Money-Saving Tips

  • Shop at local souks for gifts and snacks.

  • Try local eateries in Mutrah or Nizwa.

  • Explore free natural sites like Wadi Shab and beaches.

Explore Oman

A modern architectural masterpiece, this majestic mosque is a symbol of Omani faith and artistry. Its intricate designs, massive prayer hall with a grand carpet, and impressive chandelier make it a must-visit. It is located in the Bausher district of Muscat, the capital city.

One of the oldest traditional markets in the Arab world, the Muttrah Souq is a labyrinth of narrow alleys filled with the scents of frankincense, spices, and perfumes. Here you can find traditional Omani handicrafts, textiles, and silver. It is situated along the Corniche in Muscat.

This massive 17th-century fort, with its colossal circular tower, offers historical insights and panoramic views of Nizwa and the surrounding date palm groves. Adjacent to it, the Nizwa Souq is famous for its lively Friday livestock market and traditional Omani silver and pottery. Nizwa is located inland, about a two-hour drive southwest of Muscat.

A vast expanse of undulating golden dunes, this desert offers an authentic Bedouin experience with opportunities for dune bashing, camel riding, and overnight camping under a canopy of stars. It stretches across eastern Oman, accessible from towns like Bidiyah.

A stunning oasis offering a refreshing escape with emerald green pools, lush date plantations, and hidden caves. Visitors can hike through the wadi, swim in its natural pools, and explore a captivating cave with a waterfall. It is located on the coast, about an hour and a half drive southeast of Muscat.

Known as the “Grand Canyon of Arabia,” Jebel Shams is Oman’s highest mountain, offering breathtaking views into a dramatic deep gorge. It’s a popular destination for hiking, trekking, and enjoying cooler temperatures. It is located in the Al Hajar Mountains, in north-central Oman.

Part of the Al Hajar Mountains, Jebel Akhdar, meaning “Green Mountain,” is renowned for its terraced gardens where roses, pomegranates, and walnuts are cultivated. It offers cooler climates and stunning viewpoints. It is also located in the Al Hajar Mountains, near Nizwa.

This protected area on Oman’s eastern coast is a vital nesting site for endangered green sea turtles. Visitors can witness the incredible spectacle of turtles laying eggs or hatchlings making their way to the sea. It is situated on the easternmost point of the Arabian Peninsula.

A spectacular natural limestone sinkhole with clear turquoise-green water, perfect for a refreshing swim. Legend says it was formed by a meteorite, but it’s actually a natural collapse. It is located between Dibab and Qurayyat on the coastal road, about an hour and a half drive from Muscat.

A UNESCO World Heritage Site, this massive mud-brick fort is one of the oldest and largest forts in Oman, with a history dating back to the 13th century. It is an impressive example of Omani defensive architecture. It is located in the town of Bahla, near Nizwa.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices (accommodation, tours)
  • Fewer Crowds (except Salalah’s Khareef season)
  • Turtle nesting and hatching season (Ras Al Jinz)
  • Unique Khareef (monsoon) in Salalah
  • Excellent for indoor activities and water sports

Main Drawbacks:

  • Extremely Hot Temperatures (often exceeding 100ºF / 38ºC)
  • High Humidity (especially coastal areas)
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (desert and mountain hiking are difficult)
  • Some businesses may have reduced hours

Key Regions:

  • Salalah: Experience the unique “Khareef” monsoon, transforming the region into lush green.
  • Muscat: Focus on air-conditioned museums, malls, and the Royal Opera House.
  • Coastal areas: Ideal for swimming, snorkeling, and diving in the warmer waters.
  • Indoor attractions: Perfect for exploring cultural sites like the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque during cooler parts of the day.

Key Advantages:

  • Good Value (better than peak season)
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Pleasant to Warm Weather
  • Ideal for Mountain Trekking (early spring/late autumn)
  • Autumn Harvest (pomegranates, walnuts, olives)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Temperatures can still be quite warm, especially in May and September.
  • “Khamsin” winds (hot, dusty winds) can occur in spring.
  • Some popular sites can still see moderate crowds.
  • Need to plan outdoor activities for early mornings or late afternoons.

Key Regions:

  • Jebel Akhdar & Jebel Shams: Enjoy hiking and exploring the cooler mountain regions before/after the summer heat.
  • Nizwa: Explore the fort and souq with more comfortable temperatures.
  • Wadis (e.g., Wadi Shab, Wadi Bani Khalid): Perfect for refreshing dips and exploring natural pools.
  • Musandam Peninsula: Ideal for dhow cruises and snorkeling in the “Norway of Arabia.”
  • Winter (November – March)
  • Major Public Holidays (e.g., National Day, Eid holidays)

Planning Your Trip

Dress Code:

  • Conservative clothing is essential—cover shoulders and knees in public.
  • Swimwear is acceptable at hotel pools and private beaches only.

Tipping:

  • Not obligatory, but appreciated. ~10–15% in restaurants; US$1–2 for porters.

Social Etiquette:

  • Greet with a right-hand handshake; avoid physical contact with opposite gender unless initiated.
  • Ask permission before photographing locals, especially women.

Public Behavior:

  • No public displays of affection.
  • Alcohol is restricted to licensed venues—no drinking in public.

Accommodation: Budget: US$30–60, Mid-range: US$70–150, Luxury: US$250+

Food: Street eats: US$5–10, Casual restaurants: US$15–25, Fine dining: US$50+

Transport: 

  • Car rental: US$40–70/day, Drivers: US$80–120/day
  • Taxis: US$5–15/trip, Domestic flight: US$80–150

Activities:

  • Free: Beaches, forts, hiking trails.
  • Paid: Desert excursions, dolphin watching, wadis (~US$20–50 per activity)

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$80–120 (guesthouses, street food, limited transport)
  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (nice hotels, rental car, activities)
  • Luxury: US$350+ (resorts, private tours, fine dining)

Free Wi-Fi: Common in hotels, cafes, and malls in Muscat and Salalah.

SIM Cards:

  • Omantel and Ooredoo sell tourist SIMs (~US$15–30 for 10–20GB).
  • Available at airports and convenience stores.

eSIMs: Supported by major providers (e.g., Airalo, Nomad).

Highly Recommended: Especially for heat-related illnesses, car rental, and desert adventures.

Emergency Medical Care: Private hospitals in Muscat are excellent but expensive without insurance.

Adventure Activities: If hiking, dune bashing, or diving, check your policy for coverage.

From desert camps to luxury beachfront resorts, Oman offers diverse stays.

Luxury:

  • Al Bustan Palace (Muscat) – Ritz-Carlton beachfront luxury.
  • Anantara Al Jabal Al Akhdar – Mountain-top retreat with infinity views.

Mid-range:

  • Mutrah Hotel (Muscat) – Close to souqs and the corniche.
  • Nizwa Heritage Inn – Local style with modern comforts.

Budget:

  • Guesthouses & hostels: ~US$30–60/night (Nizwa, Sur, Muscat).
  • Desert camps: Simple tents start at ~US$50/night, luxury ones go higher.

Unique Stays:

  • Wahiba Sands Desert Camps – Camel rides, stargazing, Bedouin hospitality.
  • Traditional mud-brick inns in old Omani villages (Misfat Al Abriyeen).

Tip: Book desert and mountain stays well in advance during winter months (Dec–Feb).

Oman has well-maintained roads, but limited public transport. Renting a car or hiring a driver is often the best option.

Car Rentals:

  • Widely available at airports and in Muscat.
  • ~US$40–70/day for standard cars.
  • 4WD recommended for mountain or desert travel.

Hiring a Driver:

  • For longer itineraries (e.g., Muscat–Nizwa–Wahiba Sands).
  • ~US$80–120/day including fuel and driver.

Taxis:

  • No meters—negotiate fare in advance (~US$5–15 in cities).
  • Use Otaxi or Mwasalat app in Muscat.

Intercity Buses:

  • Mwasalat operates clean, air-conditioned buses (e.g., Muscat–Salalah ~US$20–30).
  • Less frequent in remote areas.

Domestic Flights:

  • Limited but useful for long distances (e.g., Muscat to Salalah, ~US$80–150 one way).

Bold Recommendation: Rent a car or hire a driver for flexibility—essential for exploring Oman’s scenic routes.

Handy Tips

Oman uses the Omani Rial (OMR). Bills come in ½, 1, 5, 10, 20, and 50 OMR denominations; coins include 5, 10, 25, and 50 baisa (1000 baisa = 1 OMR).

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid exchanging at hotels or airports—banks and money exchanges offer better rates.

  • Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in cities and malls. Smaller shops and rural areas may be cash-only, so carry small change.

  • Tipping Etiquette (not compulsory but appreciated):

    • Restaurants/Cafes: 10% of the bill if not already included.

    • Taxis: Round up the fare or add a small tip (~200–500 baisa).

    • Hotels: OMR 1–2 for porters, OMR 2–5 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: OMR 3–5 per person for group tours.

Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken in cities, hotels, and among young Omanis.

Useful phrases:

  • “Ayna al-hammam?” (Where is the bathroom?)

  • “Kam al-thaman?” (How much is it?)

  • “Min fadlik” (Please) / “Shukran” (Thank you)
    Pro Tip: Omanis are friendly and formal—a polite greeting goes a long way (try “As-salamu alaykum”).

Oman is one of the safest countries in the Middle East. Exercise standard caution, especially in remote deserts or mountain roads.

Emergency Numbers:

  • 9999 – All emergencies (police, ambulance, fire)
  • Your Embassy: Most are located in Muscat; keep copies of passport and visa.
    Avoid wandering alone in isolated areas after dark or during desert hikes without a guide.

Oman uses 240V/50Hz with Type G plugs (British-style three square pins).

Visitors from North America will need both a plug adapter and a voltage converter, especially for appliances that are not dual voltage.

Tap water in Muscat is treated and technically safe, but bottled water is recommended, especially for visitors with sensitive stomachs.

In hotels and restaurants, filtered or bottled water is standard—ask if unsure.

Businesses, banks, and government offices close on major Islamic and national holidays:

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day (limited observance)

  • 23 Jul: Renaissance Day (National Holiday)

  • 18 Nov: National Day

  • Islamic Holidays (dates vary by moon cycle):

    • Eid Al-Fitr (End of Ramadan)

    • Eid Al-Adha (Festival of Sacrifice)

    • Islamic New Year

    • Prophet Mohammed’s Birthday
      Note: Museums and shops may close for multiple days during Eid. Check ahead when traveling.

Malls/Shops: 10:00–13:00, reopen 16:00–22:00 (closed midday for rest/prayer)

Friday: Late opening (~16:00) after Friday prayers

Souks (traditional markets): Open until midnight in tourist areas

Pharmacies: Open 9:00–22:00; many larger ones open 24/7

Majboos: Fragrant rice dish with saffron and slow-cooked meat (often lamb or chicken).

Shuwa: Marinated lamb wrapped in banana leaves, slow-cooked underground for up to 48 hours.

Mashuai: Grilled kingfish served with lemon rice—light, zesty, and coastal.

Harees: Wheat and meat porridge, traditionally served during Ramadan.

Mishkak: Skewered and grilled meat (often camel or beef), seasoned with Omani spices.

Qabuli: Rice with tender meat, raisins, and nuts—rich and festive.

Halwa: Sticky, gelatinous sweet made with rose water, saffron, and cardamom—served at every Omani gathering.

Dates with Omani Coffee (Kahwa): A cultural staple; sweet dates paired with lightly spiced coffee.

Luqaimat: Fried dough balls soaked in date syrup or honey—crispy outside, soft inside.

Khubz Rakhal with Honey: Thin Omani bread, served warm with ghee and honey for a sweet finish.

Alcoholic:

  • Dhofar Sparkling Wine (rare and hard to find, locally made in Salalah—try if available).

  • Imported Wines: Common in hotels—look for Lebanese or South African varieties.

  • Omani Craft Beer: Limited but emerging—check select Muscat bars for local brews.

  • Duty-Free Liquor: Available at Muscat airport—many tourists purchase wine or whisky for private use.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Kahwa (Omani Coffee): Spiced with cardamom and saffron—always offered with dates.

  • Jallab: Grape molasses drink with rose water and pine nuts—cool and refreshing.

  • Zanjabeel (Ginger Tea): Strong, aromatic tea served hot—great for evenings.

  • Laban: Yogurt-based salty drink—cooling and ideal for hot desert days.

  • Tamarind Juice: Sweet and sour drink popular during festivals and Ramadan.

  • Rose Water Lemonade: Light and floral twist on a summer classic.

  • Qamar al-Din: Apricot juice often served during Iftar in Ramadan.

  • Fresh Coconut Water: Especially popular in Salalah’s lush Dhofar region.

  • Mint Tea: Sweet Moroccan-style mint tea, often served after meals.

  • Sahlab: Creamy, hot milk-based drink with cinnamon and pistachios.

Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque: One of the most beautiful mosques in the Gulf (open to non-Muslims in the morning)

Nizwa Fort: 17th-century stronghold with spectacular mountain views

Bahla Fort: UNESCO-listed, built in pre-Islamic times

Al Jalali and Al Mirani Forts: Guarding the Muscat harbor

Frankincense Land Museum (Salalah): Traces Oman’s role in the incense trade

Al Alam Palace: Ceremonial palace of the Sultan in Old Muscat

Heritage Villages: Misfat Al Abriyeen (mud-brick houses) and Al Hamra

Bedouin Culture: Experience traditional Omani hospitality in desert camps

Khanjar (dagger) and Dishdasha (robe): Symbols of national identity

UNESCO Frankincense Trail: Explore the ancient trade route across Dhofar

Muttrah Souk: Wander this historic market for spices, silver, and incense

Desert Safari in Wahiba Sands: Try dune bashing, camel rides, and overnight Bedouin camps

Snorkeling at Daymaniyat Islands: Coral reefs, turtles, and pristine waters

Trek Wadi Shab or Wadi Bani Khalid: Emerald pools and canyon hiking

Watch a Show at the Royal Opera House Muscat: Grand architecture and international performances

Stargazing in Jebel Akhdar: Clear skies at altitude

Beach Days in Qurum or Tiwi: Public beaches with warm turquoise water

Visit Turtle Reserves in Ras Al Jinz: See nesting turtles at night

Caving in Majlis Al Jinn: One of the world’s largest cave chambers

Friday Goat Market in Nizwa: A cultural spectacle in full traditional dress

Zinc Lounge (Muscat): Chic hotel bar with live DJ sets and sleek decor.

Copacabana at Grand Hyatt: Retro-style club popular with locals and expats.

Piano Lounge at Kempinski: Sophisticated cocktail spot—try the Date Martini.

Rumba Lattina (The Cave Complex): Latin music, cocktails, and a lively terrace.

Trader Vic’s (InterContinental Muscat): Classic Tiki-themed bar with signature Mai Tais.

Al Ghazal Pub (Al Falaj Hotel): British-style pub—casual, with live sports and karaoke.

Safari Rooftop (Radisson Blu): Chill rooftop bar with Muscat skyline views.

Rock Bottom Café: Loud, youthful bar with DJ nights and dance floor.

Beach Pavilion Bar & Grill: Upscale seaside cocktails at The Chedi Muscat.

O’Malley’s Irish Pub (Polo Club): Laid-back vibe, decent pub fare, and beer selection.