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EGYPT

With over 5,000 years of continuous civilization, Egypt is one of the most historically rich countries on Earth. Situated in northeast Africa, it straddles the crossroads of Africa and the Middle East, with the mighty Nile River giving life to an otherwise desert-dominated land. From the iconic pyramids of Giza to the bustling streets of Cairo, Egypt’s layered history reveals itself in every corner—whether you’re exploring Pharaonic temples, Islamic mosques, or colonial-era architecture. Ancient Egypt’s influence on astronomy, writing, and architecture remains unmatched, and its legacy continues to inspire awe and curiosity.

Beyond its monumental past, modern Egypt is equally captivating. Its diverse geography ranges from the lush Nile Valley to the vast Western Desert, and from the coral-rich Red Sea coast to the Mediterranean shores of Alexandria. Each region holds its own character and charm. With year-round sunshine (average highs range from 70–100ºF / 21–38ºC depending on the season), hospitable locals, and an ever-evolving cultural scene, Egypt remains an unforgettable destination for explorers, food lovers, and history buffs alike.

Why Visit Egypt?

Timeless Ancient Wonders: From the Great Pyramids of Giza to the Temples of Abu Simbel, Egypt is a journey through 5,000 years of civilization.

Nile River Cruises: A relaxed sail between Luxor and Aswan reveals temples, tombs, and stunning desert scenery.

Diving & Beaches: Red Sea resorts like Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh offer crystal-clear waters, coral reefs, and water sports.

Cultural Immersion: Experience traditional souks, Nubian villages, and authentic Egyptian tea houses.

Mild Winters & Sun Year-Round: Enjoy dry, sunny weather from 70°F (21°C) in winter to 100°F (38°C) in summer—ideal for escaping cold climates.

Affordable Luxury: Stay in 5-star resorts, cruise the Nile, or visit iconic sites at a fraction of Western costs.

Smart Travel: Off-Season Deals & Delights

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices: Flights and accommodation rates are at their absolute lowest. This is the sweet spot for snagging incredible deals on luxury cruises and high-end hotels.
  • Fewer Crowds: Major attractions like the Pyramids, Luxor Temples, and Abu Simbel are significantly less crowded, offering a more intimate and serene experience. You’ll have more space to explore and take photos without battling throngs of tourists.
  • Authentic Local Vibe: Experience Egypt like a local, with more opportunities to interact with residents, enjoy a relaxed pace, and witness daily life without the usual tourist bustle.
  • Mild Temperatures (South): While cooler, the southern regions like Luxor, Aswan, and Abu Simbel still enjoy pleasant, sunny days, perfect for sightseeing without the scorching heat of summer.
  • Festivals and Events: Experience local festivals, often tied to Islamic holidays, offering a unique cultural insight (dates vary yearly).

Main Drawbacks:

  • Cooler Temperatures (North): Northern areas like Cairo and Alexandria can be quite cool, especially in the evenings, with occasional rain.
  • Shorter Days: Daylight hours are shorter, limiting sightseeing time, especially if you’re trying to pack a lot in.
  • Limited Beach Activities (North): While the Red Sea generally stays warm enough for diving/snorkeling, northern coastal areas might be too cool for typical beach lounging.
  • Some Closures: Certain seasonal attractions or smaller guesthouses might operate on reduced hours or be closed in the deepest off-season, particularly in less-visited areas.

Key Regions:

  • Luxor & Aswan: These southern gems are ideal in winter. The Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, and Philae Temple are far more enjoyable without the intense heat and crowds. A Nile cruise during this time offers unparalleled value and tranquility.
  • Abu Simbel: The incredible temples of Abu Simbel are best visited in the cooler months, as the desert heat can be intense at other times.
  • Cairo: While cooler, Cairo is still vibrant. Exploring the Egyptian Museum, Khan el-Khalili bazaar, and the Pyramids of Giza with fewer tourists is a distinct advantage. Bundle up in the evenings!
  • Red Sea Coast (Sharm El Sheikh, Hurghada): While the water might be a bit cooler for some, diving and snorkeling are still excellent. You’ll find fantastic deals on resorts and fewer crowds on the beaches.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather: Pleasant temperatures for sightseeing and outdoor activities throughout the country, without the extreme heat of summer or the cooler temperatures of deep winter.
  • Manageable Crowds: Tourist numbers are lower than in peak winter, but attractions are fully open and vibrant. You’ll still enjoy a good atmosphere without feeling overwhelmed.
  • Reasonable Prices: Flights and accommodation are more affordable than in peak winter, though slightly higher than deep summer. You’ll still find excellent value.
  • Nile Cruises: A fantastic time for a Nile cruise, with comfortable temperatures for deck lounging and exploring riverside temples.
  • Blooming Landscapes (Spring): Enjoy the lushness of the Nile Valley in spring as crops are green and flowers bloom.

Main Drawbacks:

  • “Khamasin” Winds (Spring): Egypt can experience “Khamasin” (sand-laden) winds in spring, which can reduce visibility and make outdoor activities less pleasant for a few days.
  • Slightly Higher Prices than Deep Off-Season: While still excellent value, prices will be a bit higher than the absolute lowest rates found in the coldest winter months or hottest summer months.
  • Popularity for Holidays: Be aware that major holidays (like Easter or specific Islamic holidays) can still see a surge in domestic and regional tourism, affecting prices and crowds.

Key Regions:

  • All Major Sites: Spring and autumn are superb for visiting all of Egypt’s major historical sites, from the Pyramids to the temples of Luxor and Aswan, and the Red Sea coast.
  • Desert Safaris: The comfortable temperatures make it an excellent time for desert excursions and safaris into the Western Desert oases.
  • Nile Valley: The entire Nile Valley comes alive in these seasons, offering perfect conditions for exploring temples, tombs, and enjoying leisurely felucca rides.

Peak Winter Season (Late December – Early January): This period, encompassing Christmas and New Year’s, sees a significant surge in prices for flights, accommodation, and cruises. Attractions are at their most crowded, and while the weather is pleasant, the value for money is significantly lower.

Mid-Summer (June – August): This is Egypt’s peak tourist season for many domestic and regional travelers, especially for beach destinations. While flights and accommodation might be slightly lower than peak winter (excluding specific beach resorts), the extreme heat (especially in Upper Egypt) makes sightseeing uncomfortable and potentially dangerous for some. Popular sites can still be busy with local tourists, and overall, it offers less value for money for international visitors primarily interested in historical sites.

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Essential Trip Information

  • Entry requirements vary by nationality. Always check the official government portal: https://www.visa2egypt.gov.eg

  • Many travelers (including EU, U.S., Australia) can apply online for an eVisa (US$25, single entry).

  • Passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your date of entry.

  • On arrival, you may be asked to show proof of return ticket, hotel bookings, and sufficient funds.

  • E-Visas should be obtained at least 7 days before arrival.

  • Egypt uses the Egyptian Pound (EGP). Approximate exchange rate: US$1 = E£48–50.

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Bring some US$ or Euros and exchange a small amount at the airport.

  • During Your Trip: Use ATMs at reputable banks (CIB, Banque Misr). Visa/Mastercard accepted in most hotels and tourist restaurants.

  • What to Avoid: Street exchangers and using credit cards in small shops—cash is king outside tourist zones.

  • Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken in tourist areas.

  • Helpful phrases:

    • “Shukran” – Thank you

    • “Min fadlak” – Please

    • “Kam el-thaman?” – How much?

  • Egypt is generally safe in tourist zones like Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan.

  • Avoid political gatherings or protests, especially in major cities.

  • Pickpocketing can happen in crowded markets (e.g., Khan el-Khalili).

  • Police tourism units are common and helpful.

  • Emergency number: 122 (police), 123 (ambulance)

  • No mandatory vaccines, but Hepatitis A, Typhoid recommended for extended stays.

  • Tap water is not safe to drink – use bottled water.

  • Travel insurance is essential.

  • Pharmacies are widespread and usually well-stocked.

  • Domestic flights (Cairo–Aswan, Cairo–Luxor) save time and are affordable.

  • Trains: Overnight sleeper trains connect Cairo to Upper Egypt.

  • Taxis: Use Uber or Careem in Cairo and Alexandria.

  • Walking/Biking: Possible in tourist towns but not ideal in large cities due to traffic.

  • Buses/Minibuses: Cheap but not always reliable or comfortable for tourists.

Egypt is generally affordable, especially compared to Western destinations.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses, hostels (US$10–40/night)

  • Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$50–100/night)

  • Luxury: 4–5 star hotels, Nile cruises (US$120–300+/night)

Food

  • Street food: Koshari, falafel (US$1–3)

  • Casual dining: Egyptian grill/mezza (US$5–15)

  • Upscale dining: Hotel restaurants or fine dining (US$30–60/person)

Drinks

  • Local beer: US$1.50–3 (Stella, Sakara)

  • Cocktails: US$6–12 (mostly in hotels or expat bars)

Transportation

  • Metro (Cairo): E£10–15/ride (~US$0.30–0.50)

  • Ride-hailing: Uber/Careem: US$2–10 for most city trips

  • Trains: Cairo to Luxor (first class): US$20–60

  • Taxis: Agree on fare beforehand or use meters where available

Money-Saving Tips

  • Use Careem/Uber instead of taxis to avoid haggling.

  • Book Nile cruises directly or through verified platforms.

  • Eat local—koshari shops and bakeries are both cheap and tasty.

Explore Egypt

CAIRO
GIZA
LUXOR
ASWAN
ALEXANDRIA
WHITE DESERT
SIWA OASIS
ABU SIMBEL
DAHAB
NILE RIVER CRUISE

Planning Your Trip

Egypt’s desert climate means hot days and cool nights, with regional variations.

Spring (March–May):

  • Ideal temperatures (70–85°F / 21–29°C) for exploring pyramids and temples.
  • Peak season—book flights and hotels early, especially for Easter.
  • Sandstorms (khamsin) possible in April/May.

Summer (June–August):

  • Extremely hot (90–110°F / 32–43°C), but fewer crowds at major sites like Luxor and Aswan.
  • Nile cruises offer air-conditioned relief; coastal resorts (e.g., Sharm El-Sheikh) are popular.

Autumn (September–November):

  • Warm but manageable (75–95°F / 24–35°C); great for Red Sea diving.
  • Best for desert safaris (cooler evenings).

Winter (December–February):

  • Mild days (60–75°F / 16–24°C), chilly nights (pack layers).
  • High season—expect crowds at the Pyramids of Giza and Valley of the Kings.
  • Christmas and New Year’s rates spike.

Tip: October–April balances weather and crowds. Avoid June–August if heat-sensitive.

  • Dress Modestly: Shoulders/knees covered, especially at religious sites.

  • Baksheesh (Tips): Expected for small services (US$0.50–2 for guides, porters).

  • Haggling: Normal in markets (start at 30% of asking price).

  • Photography: Ask permission before photographing locals (some demand payment).

  • Ramadan: Respect fasting—avoid eating/drinking in public during daylight.

Egypt is budget-friendly, but comfort and convenience are available at every level.

  • Accommodation:

    • Hostels: US$10–30

    • Mid-range hotels: US$50–120

    • Luxury: US$200–400+

  • Food:

    • Street food (koshari, falafel): US$2–5

    • Sit-down meal: US$10–25

    • Upscale dining: US$50+

  • Transport:

    • Metro/Rideshare: US$0.30–5

    • Intercity bus/train: US$5–20

    • Domestic flights: US$60–120

  • Attractions:

    • Pyramids of Giza: US$10–25

    • Luxor Pass (multiple sites): US$100–130

    • Many mosques and museums: US$2–10

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$50–80 (hostels, local meals, trains)

  • Mid-range: US$120–200 (3-star hotels, guides, Nile cruise)

  • Luxury: US$300+ (5-star hotels, private guides, flights)

  • Free Wi-Fi: Available in hotels/cafés (spotty in deserts).

  • SIM Cards: Vodafone/Orange (US$5–10 for 10GB; passport required).

  • eSIMs: Supported (Airalo, Holafly).

  • Essential for: Medical emergencies, trip cancellations (common for cruises).

  • Adventure Coverage: Verify if it includes diving/hot-air ballooning (Luxor).

  • Cash Payments: Some hospitals demand upfront payment.

From Nile-view luxury to budget hostels.

Hotels:

  • Luxury: Four Seasons (Cairo), Sofitel Legend (Aswan; US$200–500/night).
  • Mid-range: Steigenberger (Luxor), Movenpick (Nile cruises; US$80–150).
  • Budget: Pyramids View Inn (Giza; US$20–50).

Hostels:

  • Dahab Hostel (Cairo) or Bob Marley House (Dahab; US$5–15/bed).

Eco-Lodges:

  • Adrère Amellal (Siwa Oasis; US$300+ for unique desert stays).

Airbnb:

  • Apartments in Cairo (Zamalek) or Hurghada (US$30–100/night).

Tip: Book Nile cruises directly with reputable operators to avoid scams.

Transport varies from modern trains to feluccas (traditional sailboats).

Trains:

  • Luxury (Watania Sleepers): Cairo to Luxor/Aswan (US$80–120, includes meals).
  • 1st/2nd class: Affordable (US$10–30) but book ahead.

Domestic Flights:

  • Quick hops (Cairo to Luxor/Aswan/Hurghada; US$50–150 one-way).

Buses:

  • GoBus/Microbuses: Cheap (US$5–20) but crowded; opt for VIP buses for comfort.

Nile Cruises:

  • Luxor–Aswan route (3–7 days): Mid-range (US$100–300/night, all-inclusive).

Taxis/Rideshares:

  • Uber/Careem: Reliable in Cairo/Alexandria (US$2–10 per ride).
  • White taxis: Negotiate fares or insist on meters.

Ferries:

  • Hurghada to Sharm El-Sheikh (US$30–50, seasonal).

Tip: Pre-book long-distance trains/flights during peak seasons.

Handy Tips

Egypt uses the Egyptian Pound (EGP). Notes come in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 EGP denominations; coins include 1, 2, 5, and 10 piastres, as well as 25 and 50 piastres, and 1 EGP.

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport exchange counters—rates are poor and fees are high. Instead, use ATMs at major banks (e.g., Banque Misr, CIB) for better conversion rates.

  • Using Cards: Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted at hotels and upscale restaurants, but always carry cash for local markets, taxis, and small eateries.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Known locally as “baksheesh”, tipping is expected in most service interactions.

    • Restaurants/Cafes: 10–15% if not already included (check for “Service Charge” on the bill).

    • Taxis: Round up or add 5–10 EGP for short rides.

    • Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; US$2–3 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person/day for group tours.

Arabic is the official language. English is commonly spoken in hotels, major tourist areas, and by younger Egyptians.

  • Helpful phrases:

    • “Cam el saʿa?” (What time is it?)

    • “Bi kam da?” (How much is this?)

    • “Fein el hammam?” (Where’s the bathroom?)

  • Pro Tip: A few Arabic greetings like “Shukran” (thank you) and “Salam Alaikum” (peace be upon you) go a long way with locals.

Egypt is generally safe in tourist zones (e.g., Cairo, Luxor, Aswan), though be cautious in crowded areas and avoid political gatherings.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 122: Police

    • 123: Ambulance

    • 180: Fire

    • Your embassy: Keep the contact details on your phone or printed out.

Travel Tip: Only use licensed taxis or rideshare apps like Uber/Careem in cities.

Egypt uses 220V/50Hz with Type C and F plugs (two round pins).

  • U.S. visitors will need a voltage converter and a plug adapter.

  • Most modern electronics like phone chargers are dual voltage—check before plugging in.

Tap water is not recommended for drinking, even in major cities.

  • Use bottled water (cheap and widely available).

  • In restaurants, specify “bottled water” to avoid being served tap.

  • Brush your teeth with bottled water if you have a sensitive stomach.

Many attractions reduce hours or close on public holidays, especially Islamic ones.

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • 25 Jan: Revolution Day

  • Late April: Sinai Liberation Day

  • 1 May: Labor Day

  • 23 Jul: Revolution Day

  • 6 Oct: Armed Forces Day

  • Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha: Dates vary (Islamic calendar)

  • Tip: During Ramadan, many businesses reduce hours and alcohol is less available.

  • Shops: 10:00–22:00 (some close midday for siesta-style breaks)

  • Bazaars/Souks: Open late, often bustling past midnight

  • Pharmacies: Many operate 24/7, especially in tourist areas

  • Best Souks: Khan El Khalili (Cairo), Aswan Market, Luxor Souq

  • Koshari: Egypt’s national comfort food—lentils, pasta, rice, crispy onions, and tomato sauce.

  • Ful Medames: Mashed fava beans with olive oil, cumin, and lemon—classic Egyptian breakfast.

  • Taameya: Egypt’s falafel made with fava beans (not chickpeas), often served with pita.

  • Molokhia: Green leafy stew made from jute leaves, usually served with rice and chicken or rabbit.

  • Mahshi: Stuffed vegetables like zucchini and grape leaves with rice and herbs.

  • Hamam Mahshi: Stuffed pigeon—delicate, spiced rice-filled birds, traditionally roasted.

  • Fiteer: Egyptian layered “pizza”—flaky dough with savory toppings like cheese or meat.

  • Basbousa: Semolina cake soaked in rose or orange blossom syrup.

  • Konafa: Crispy shredded dough layered with cream or nuts, soaked in sweet syrup.

  • Om Ali: Warm bread pudding with nuts, raisins, and milk—rich and comforting.

Alcoholic:

  • Omar Khayyam Wine: Egypt’s main red wine—light and fruity, produced from local grapes.

  • Cru des Ptolemées: Egyptian white wine—dry and citrusy, with subtle floral notes.

  • Stella Beer: Egypt’s classic lager—not to be confused with the Belgian brand!

  • Sakara Gold: A popular, slightly stronger Egyptian beer—clean and malty.

  • Aida Wine: Lesser-known Egyptian wine, available in red, white, and rosé varieties.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Sugarcane Juice (Asab): Freshly pressed and wildly refreshing in the heat.

  • Karkadeh: Hibiscus tea—served hot or iced, tart and vibrant in color.

  • Sobia: Creamy coconut milk drink with vanilla—popular during Ramadan.

  • Tamr Hindi: Tamarind juice—sweet and tangy, often sold by street vendors.

  • Shai (Tea): Strong black tea, often served with mint and lots of sugar.

  • Egyptian Museum (Cairo): Tutankhamun’s treasures and royal mummies.

  • Grand Egyptian Museum (Giza): Soft opening underway—soon to be the largest archaeological museum in the world.

  • Luxor Temple: Breathtaking at night with lights glowing on its ancient pillars.

  • Karnak Temple Complex: A must-see in Luxor—ancient Thebes’ spiritual center.

  • Valley of the Kings: Final resting place of pharaohs—visit tombs of Ramses and Tutankhamun.

  • Abu Simbel Temples: Colossal rock-cut temples dedicated to Ramses II and Queen Nefertari.

  • Coptic Cairo: Visit the Hanging Church and Ben Ezra Synagogue.

  • Islamic Cairo: Historic mosques, medieval architecture, and spice-filled alleys.

  • Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Alexandria’s massive library and cultural center.

  • Sufi Dancing Shows: Traditional whirling dervish performances—usually free at cultural centers.

  • Pyramids of Giza: Go early morning or just before sunset to avoid crowds and heat.

  • Nile Cruise: Between Luxor and Aswan—luxury or budget options available.

  • Khan El Khalili Market: Iconic Cairo bazaar for souvenirs, spices, and silverware.

  • Felucca Ride: Traditional sailboat experience on the Nile, especially beautiful at sunset.

  • Sound and Light Show: Evening show at Giza Pyramids—historical storytelling with visuals.

  • Camel Rides: Tour the desert landscapes near Giza or the Sinai.

  • Red Sea Resorts: Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada offer diving, snorkeling, and nightlife.

  • Desert Safari: Off-road tours in the White or Black Desert (camping available).

  • Opera House Cairo: Cultural events, ballets, and concerts year-round.

  • Al-Azhar Park: Stunning gardens with panoramic views of Islamic Cairo.

  • Cairo Jazz Club: The capital’s top spot for live music and DJ nights.

  • U Bistro & Bar: Sleek spot in Zamalek with cocktails and upscale bites.

  • The Tap East: Known for craft beer, wings, and energetic live bands.

  • Stage One (Hilton Ramses): Swanky lounge bar with a view of the Nile.

  • Le Duplex: Glamorous rooftop bar in Alexandria overlooking the Mediterranean.

  • Riverside (Zamalek): Dinner, cocktails, and club nights right on the Nile.

  • Crimson Bar & Grill: Rooftop with panoramic city views—great at sunset.

  • Nox (Kempinski Nile Hotel): Trendy rooftop cocktail bar with luxe vibes.

  • Club 35 (Giza): Dance club with big-name DJs and celebrity guests.

  • Pier 88 (El Gouna): Waterfront lounge with Italian food, DJ nights, and cocktails.

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