EGYPT

Egypt, a land of ancient wonders and modern vibrancy in Northeast Africa, is cradled by the mighty Nile River, which has nurtured its civilization for millennia. From pharaohs and pyramids to bustling souks and Red Sea reefs, it’s a tapestry of history, culture, and natural beauty.

Region: North Africa, Middle East

Capital: Cairo

Official Language: Arabic

Level of Travel Safety: Exercise a high degree of caution due to the unpredictable security situation and the threat of terrorism. Certain border regions (with Libya and Sudan, and Northern Sinai) are advised against all travel. Always stay informed and vigilant.

A map of Africa with Egypt highlighted in green.

Why Visit Egypt?

Timeless Ancient Wonders: From the Great Pyramids of Giza to the Temples of Abu Simbel, Egypt is a journey through 5,000 years of civilization.

Nile River Cruises: A relaxed sail between Luxor and Aswan reveals temples, tombs, and stunning desert scenery.

Diving & Beaches: Red Sea resorts like Hurghada and Sharm El Sheikh offer crystal-clear waters, coral reefs, and water sports.

The Great Pyramid of Giza in a desert landscape, with a person standing in the distance.

Cultural Immersion: Experience traditional souks, Nubian villages, and authentic Egyptian tea houses.

Mild Winters & Sun Year-Round: Enjoy dry, sunny weather from 70°F (21°C) in winter to 100°F (38°C) in summer—ideal for escaping cold climates.

Affordable Luxury: Stay in 5-star resorts, cruise the Nile, or visit iconic sites at a fraction of Western costs.

A view of the Philae Temple complex across a body of water, with lush greenery and a clear blue sky.

Essential Trip Information

Entry requirements vary by nationality. Always check the official government portal: https://www.visa2egypt.gov.eg

Many travelers (including EU, U.S., Australia) can apply online for an eVisa (US$25, single entry).

Passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your date of entry.

On arrival, you may be asked to show proof of return ticket, hotel bookings, and sufficient funds.

E-Visas should be obtained at least 7 days before arrival.

  • Egypt uses the Egyptian Pound (EGP). Approximate exchange rate: US$1 = E£48–50.

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Bring some US$ or Euros and exchange a small amount at the airport.

  • During Your Trip: Use ATMs at reputable banks (CIB, Banque Misr). Visa/Mastercard accepted in most hotels and tourist restaurants.

  • What to Avoid: Street exchangers and using credit cards in small shops—cash is king outside tourist zones.

Arabic is the official language. English is widely spoken in tourist areas.

Helpful phrases:

  • “Shukran” – Thank you
  • “Min fadlak” – Please
  • “Kam el-thaman?” – How much?

Egypt is generally safe in tourist zones like Cairo, Luxor, and Aswan.

Avoid political gatherings or protests, especially in major cities.

Pickpocketing can happen in crowded markets (e.g., Khan el-Khalili).

Police tourism units are common and helpful.

Emergency number: 122 (police), 123 (ambulance)

No mandatory vaccines, but Hepatitis A, Typhoid recommended for extended stays.

Tap water is not safe to drink – use bottled water.

Travel insurance is essential.

Pharmacies are widespread and usually well-stocked.

Domestic flights (Cairo–Aswan, Cairo–Luxor) save time and are affordable.

Trains: Overnight sleeper trains connect Cairo to Upper Egypt.

Taxis: Use Uber or Careem in Cairo and Alexandria.

Walking/Biking: Possible in tourist towns but not ideal in large cities due to traffic.

Buses/Minibuses: Cheap but not always reliable or comfortable for tourists.

Egypt is generally affordable, especially compared to Western destinations.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses, hostels (US$10–40/night)

  • Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$50–100/night)

  • Luxury: 4–5 star hotels, Nile cruises (US$120–300+/night)

Food

  • Street food: Koshari, falafel (US$1–3)

  • Casual dining: Egyptian grill/mezza (US$5–15)

  • Upscale dining: Hotel restaurants or fine dining (US$30–60/person)

Drinks

  • Local beer: US$1.50–3 (Stella, Sakara)

  • Cocktails: US$6–12 (mostly in hotels or expat bars)

Transportation

  • Metro (Cairo): E£10–15/ride (~US$0.30–0.50)

  • Ride-hailing: Uber/Careem: US$2–10 for most city trips

  • Trains: Cairo to Luxor (first class): US$20–60

  • Taxis: Agree on fare beforehand or use meters where available

Money-Saving Tips

  • Use Careem/Uber instead of taxis to avoid haggling.

  • Book Nile cruises directly or through verified platforms.

  • Eat local—koshari shops and bakeries are both cheap and tasty.

Explore Egypt

Witness the last remaining wonder of the ancient world – the iconic pyramids built for pharaohs Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure, guarded by the enigmatic Sphinx. They are located on the Giza Plateau, just southwest of Cairo.

Often called the “world’s greatest open-air museum,” Luxor is home to the magnificent Karnak Temple Complex, Luxor Temple, and the vast necropolises of the Valley of the Kings and Queens. It is situated on the east bank of the Nile River in Upper Egypt.

Embark on a timeless journey along the lifeblood of Egypt, sailing between Luxor and Aswan, visiting ancient temples and tombs along the riverbanks, including Edfu and Kom Ombo. This experience primarily takes place in Upper Egypt.

A tranquil city known for its picturesque setting on the Nile, the Philae Temple dedicated to Isis, the High Dam, and the unfinished obelisk. It is located in Southern Egypt, further up the Nile from Luxor.

Discover the world’s most extensive collection of ancient Egyptian artifacts, including the treasures from Tutankhamun’s tomb. (Note: The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) near Giza is gradually replacing the older downtown museum). It is centrally located in Cairo.

Two massive rock-cut temples, particularly impressive for their colossal statues of Ramesses II and their unique sun alignment, carefully relocated to save them from flooding by Lake Nasser. They are located in southern Egypt, near the border with Sudan.

Egypt’s second-largest city, a Mediterranean gem founded by Alexander the Great, featuring the modern Bibliotheca Alexandrina, the Citadel of Qaitbay, and ancient catacombs. It is situated on the northern coast of Egypt.

Dive into vibrant coral reefs teeming with marine life, enjoy sandy beaches, and partake in water sports in these popular resort towns. They are located on Egypt’s eastern coastline along the Red Sea.

A secluded and enchanting oasis in the Western Desert, known for its unique Berber culture, salt lakes, olive groves, and the ancient Oracle Temple of Amun. It is located in the Western Desert of Egypt, close to the Libyan border.

Immerse yourself in the bustling atmosphere of this historic souk, where you can haggle for spices, jewelry, textiles, and traditional crafts. It is located in the heart of Islamic Cairo.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds at major sites
  • Excellent for Red Sea diving (warm water, around 82-86ºF/28-30ºC)
  • Longer Daylight Hours for exploration
  • Opportunity for early morning/late evening visits to avoid extreme heat

Main Drawbacks:

  • Extreme Heat (often exceeding 104ºF/40ºC inland)
  • Discomfort for sightseeing at archaeological sites during midday
  • Increased risk of dehydration
  • Limited outdoor activities during peak sun hours
  • Some smaller operations might have reduced hours

Key Regions:

  • Red Sea Coast (Hurghada, Sharm El Sheikh, Marsa Alam): Cooler due to sea breezes, ideal for beach holidays and water sports.
  • Alexandria: Generally milder than Cairo, with a Mediterranean climate.
  • Early morning/late evening at Pyramids of Giza: Still possible to visit with fewer crowds, but requires early starts.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather (pleasant temperatures, generally 68-88ºF/20-31ºC)
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices (compared to peak)
  • Comfortable for Nile Cruises and desert activities
  • Beautiful light for photography

Main Drawbacks:

  • Occasional Khamsin winds (sandstorms, particularly March-April)
  • Can still be hot in May and September, especially in Southern Egypt
  • Popular sites can still see significant crowds
  • Some resort areas can be busy during specific holiday periods

Key Regions:

  • Cairo & Giza: Excellent for exploring the pyramids, museums, and city life.
  • Luxor & Aswan (Nile Valley): Perfect for temple visits and Nile cruises with comfortable daytime temperatures.
  • Western Desert Oases (Siwa): Pleasant for desert safaris and cultural exploration.
  • Red Sea Coast: Still very good for diving and beaches with warm waters.
  • October – February (especially December-January for holidays)
  • Easter Holiday Period

Planning Your Trip

Dress Modestly: Shoulders/knees covered, especially at religious sites.

Baksheesh (Tips): Expected for small services (US$0.50–2 for guides, porters).

Haggling: Normal in markets (start at 30% of asking price).

Photography: Ask permission before photographing locals (some demand payment).

Ramadan: Respect fasting—avoid eating/drinking in public during daylight.

Egypt is budget-friendly, but comfort and convenience are available at every level.

Accommodation:

  • Hostels: US$10–30
  • Mid-range hotels: US$50–120
  • Luxury: US$200–400+

Food:

  • Street food (koshari, falafel): US$2–5
  • Sit-down meal: US$10–25
  • Upscale dining: US$50+

Transport:

  • Metro/Rideshare: US$0.30–5
  • Intercity bus/train: US$5–20
  • Domestic flights: US$60–120

Attractions:

  • Pyramids of Giza: US$10–25
  • Luxor Pass (multiple sites): US$100–130
  • Many mosques and museums: US$2–10

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$50–80 (hostels, local meals, trains)
  • Mid-range: US$120–200 (3-star hotels, guides, Nile cruise)
  • Luxury: US$300+ (5-star hotels, private guides, flights)

Free Wi-Fi: Available in hotels/cafés (spotty in deserts).

SIM Cards: Vodafone/Orange (US$5–10 for 10GB; passport required).

eSIMs: Supported (Airalo, Holafly).

Essential for: Medical emergencies, trip cancellations (common for cruises).

Adventure Coverage: Verify if it includes diving/hot-air ballooning (Luxor).

Cash Payments: Some hospitals demand upfront payment.

From Nile-view luxury to budget hostels.

Hotels:

  • Luxury: Four Seasons (Cairo), Sofitel Legend (Aswan; US$200–500/night).
  • Mid-range: Steigenberger (Luxor), Movenpick (Nile cruises; US$80–150).
  • Budget: Pyramids View Inn (Giza; US$20–50).

Hostels:

  • Dahab Hostel (Cairo) or Bob Marley House (Dahab; US$5–15/bed).

Eco-Lodges:

  • Adrère Amellal (Siwa Oasis; US$300+ for unique desert stays).

Airbnb:

  • Apartments in Cairo (Zamalek) or Hurghada (US$30–100/night).

Tip: Book Nile cruises directly with reputable operators to avoid scams.

Transport varies from modern trains to feluccas (traditional sailboats).

Trains:

  • Luxury (Watania Sleepers): Cairo to Luxor/Aswan (US$80–120, includes meals).
  • 1st/2nd class: Affordable (US$10–30) but book ahead.

Domestic Flights:

  • Quick hops (Cairo to Luxor/Aswan/Hurghada; US$50–150 one-way).

Buses:

  • GoBus/Microbuses: Cheap (US$5–20) but crowded; opt for VIP buses for comfort.

Nile Cruises:

  • Luxor–Aswan route (3–7 days): Mid-range (US$100–300/night, all-inclusive).

Taxis/Rideshares:

  • Uber/Careem: Reliable in Cairo/Alexandria (US$2–10 per ride).
  • White taxis: Negotiate fares or insist on meters.

Ferries:

  • Hurghada to Sharm El-Sheikh (US$30–50, seasonal).

Tip: Pre-book long-distance trains/flights during peak seasons.

Handy Tips

Egypt uses the Egyptian Pound (EGP). Notes come in 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 EGP denominations; coins include 1, 2, 5, and 10 piastres, as well as 25 and 50 piastres, and 1 EGP.

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport exchange counters—rates are poor and fees are high. Instead, use ATMs at major banks (e.g., Banque Misr, CIB) for better conversion rates.

  • Using Cards: Visa and Mastercard are widely accepted at hotels and upscale restaurants, but always carry cash for local markets, taxis, and small eateries.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Known locally as “baksheesh”, tipping is expected in most service interactions.

    • Restaurants/Cafes: 10–15% if not already included (check for “Service Charge” on the bill).

    • Taxis: Round up or add 5–10 EGP for short rides.

    • Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; US$2–3 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person/day for group tours.

Arabic is the official language. English is commonly spoken in hotels, major tourist areas, and by younger Egyptians.

  • Helpful phrases:

    • “Cam el saʿa?” (What time is it?)

    • “Bi kam da?” (How much is this?)

    • “Fein el hammam?” (Where’s the bathroom?)

Pro Tip: A few Arabic greetings like “Shukran” (thank you) and “Salam Alaikum” (peace be upon you) go a long way with locals.

Egypt is generally safe in tourist zones (e.g., Cairo, Luxor, Aswan), though be cautious in crowded areas and avoid political gatherings.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 122: Police

    • 123: Ambulance

    • 180: Fire

    • Your embassy: Keep the contact details on your phone or printed out.

Travel Tip: Only use licensed taxis or rideshare apps like Uber/Careem in cities.

Egypt uses 220V/50Hz with Type C and F plugs (two round pins).

U.S. visitors will need a voltage converter and a plug adapter.

Most modern electronics like phone chargers are dual voltage—check before plugging in.

Tap water is not recommended for drinking, even in major cities.

Use bottled water (cheap and widely available).

In restaurants, specify “bottled water” to avoid being served tap.

Brush your teeth with bottled water if you have a sensitive stomach.

Many attractions reduce hours or close on public holidays, especially Islamic ones.

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • 25 Jan: Revolution Day

  • Late April: Sinai Liberation Day

  • 1 May: Labor Day

  • 23 Jul: Revolution Day

  • 6 Oct: Armed Forces Day

  • Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha: Dates vary (Islamic calendar)

  • Tip: During Ramadan, many businesses reduce hours and alcohol is less available.

Shops: 10:00–22:00 (some close midday for siesta-style breaks)

Bazaars/Souks: Open late, often bustling past midnight

Pharmacies: Many operate 24/7, especially in tourist areas

Best Souks: Khan El Khalili (Cairo), Aswan Market, Luxor Souq

Koshari: Egypt’s national comfort food—lentils, pasta, rice, crispy onions, and tomato sauce.

Ful Medames: Mashed fava beans with olive oil, cumin, and lemon—classic Egyptian breakfast.

Taameya: Egypt’s falafel made with fava beans (not chickpeas), often served with pita.

Molokhia: Green leafy stew made from jute leaves, usually served with rice and chicken or rabbit.

Mahshi: Stuffed vegetables like zucchini and grape leaves with rice and herbs.

Hamam Mahshi: Stuffed pigeon—delicate, spiced rice-filled birds, traditionally roasted.

Fiteer: Egyptian layered “pizza”—flaky dough with savory toppings like cheese or meat.

Basbousa: Semolina cake soaked in rose or orange blossom syrup.

Konafa: Crispy shredded dough layered with cream or nuts, soaked in sweet syrup.

Om Ali: Warm bread pudding with nuts, raisins, and milk—rich and comforting.

Alcoholic:

  • Omar Khayyam Wine: Egypt’s main red wine—light and fruity, produced from local grapes.

  • Cru des Ptolemées: Egyptian white wine—dry and citrusy, with subtle floral notes.

  • Stella Beer: Egypt’s classic lager—not to be confused with the Belgian brand!

  • Sakara Gold: A popular, slightly stronger Egyptian beer—clean and malty.

  • Aida Wine: Lesser-known Egyptian wine, available in red, white, and rosé varieties.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Sugarcane Juice (Asab): Freshly pressed and wildly refreshing in the heat.

  • Karkadeh: Hibiscus tea—served hot or iced, tart and vibrant in color.

  • Sobia: Creamy coconut milk drink with vanilla—popular during Ramadan.

  • Tamr Hindi: Tamarind juice—sweet and tangy, often sold by street vendors.

  • Shai (Tea): Strong black tea, often served with mint and lots of sugar.

Egyptian Museum (Cairo): Tutankhamun’s treasures and royal mummies.

Grand Egyptian Museum (Giza): Soft opening underway—soon to be the largest archaeological museum in the world.

Luxor Temple: Breathtaking at night with lights glowing on its ancient pillars.

Karnak Temple Complex: A must-see in Luxor—ancient Thebes’ spiritual center.

Valley of the Kings: Final resting place of pharaohs—visit tombs of Ramses and Tutankhamun.

Abu Simbel Temples: Colossal rock-cut temples dedicated to Ramses II and Queen Nefertari.

Coptic Cairo: Visit the Hanging Church and Ben Ezra Synagogue.

Islamic Cairo: Historic mosques, medieval architecture, and spice-filled alleys.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Alexandria’s massive library and cultural center.

Sufi Dancing Shows: Traditional whirling dervish performances—usually free at cultural centers.

Pyramids of Giza: Go early morning or just before sunset to avoid crowds and heat.

Nile Cruise: Between Luxor and Aswan—luxury or budget options available.

Khan El Khalili Market: Iconic Cairo bazaar for souvenirs, spices, and silverware.

Felucca Ride: Traditional sailboat experience on the Nile, especially beautiful at sunset.

Sound and Light Show: Evening show at Giza Pyramids—historical storytelling with visuals.

Camel Rides: Tour the desert landscapes near Giza or the Sinai.

Red Sea Resorts: Sharm El-Sheikh and Hurghada offer diving, snorkeling, and nightlife.

Desert Safari: Off-road tours in the White or Black Desert (camping available).

Opera House Cairo: Cultural events, ballets, and concerts year-round.

Al-Azhar Park: Stunning gardens with panoramic views of Islamic Cairo.

Cairo Jazz Club: The capital’s top spot for live music and DJ nights.

U Bistro & Bar: Sleek spot in Zamalek with cocktails and upscale bites.

The Tap East: Known for craft beer, wings, and energetic live bands.

Stage One (Hilton Ramses): Swanky lounge bar with a view of the Nile.

Le Duplex: Glamorous rooftop bar in Alexandria overlooking the Mediterranean.

Riverside (Zamalek): Dinner, cocktails, and club nights right on the Nile.

Crimson Bar & Grill: Rooftop with panoramic city views—great at sunset.

Nox (Kempinski Nile Hotel): Trendy rooftop cocktail bar with luxe vibes.

Club 35 (Giza): Dance club with big-name DJs and celebrity guests.

Pier 88 (El Gouna): Waterfront lounge with Italian food, DJ nights, and cocktails.