CUBA

Cuba, the largest island in the Caribbean, boasts a captivating history shaped by indigenous Taíno, Spanish colonization, and a pivotal 1959 revolution. Its vibrant culture is a fusion of these influences, evident in its music, art, and daily life. Cuba is a tropical paradise, known for its pristine beaches, fertile plains, and dramatic mountain ranges.

Region: Caribbean

Capital: Havana

Official Language: Spanish

Level of Travel Safety: Exercise a high degree of caution due to crime and unreliable infrastructure. Petty crime is common, and violent crime is on the rise. Be vigilant, especially in tourist areas, and avoid displaying large amounts of cash.

A map of the Caribbean highlighting Cuba in green.

Why Visit Cuba?

Time-Warp Charm: 1950s cars, colonial architecture, and revolutionary history.

Stunning Beaches: Varadero’s white sand, Cayo Coco’s turquoise waters.

Live Music & Dance: Salsa in Havana’s casas de la música.

A wide view of the El Capitolio building and surrounding cityscape in Havana, Cuba.

UNESCO Sites: Havana Vieja, Trinidad, Viñales Valley.

Cuban Cuisine: Ropa vieja, lechón asado, and potent ron (rum).

Warm Locals: Legendary hospitality (“mi casa es su casa” culture).

A lush green valley with rolling hills, scattered trees, and horses.

Essential Trip Information

Check official requirements for your nationality at CubaVisas.com or your local Cuban consulate.

Tourist Card (Tarjeta del Turista): Required for most travelers (often included in flight packages; otherwise, purchase from airlines/consulates).

Passport validity: Must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your stay.

Health insurance is mandatory (sometimes checked on arrival; can be purchased at the airport).

U.S. travelers: Subject to restrictions (e.g., must qualify under 12 approved categories like “Support for the Cuban People”).

Official currencies: Cuban Peso (CUP) is the official currency in Cuba. 

Best Ways to Handle Currency:

  • Before Your Trip: Bring Euros (EUR), GBP, or CAD (USD incurs a 10% penalty fee when exchanging).
  • During Your Trip: Exchange at CADECA (official bureaus) or banks. Credit/debit cards (Mastercard/Visa) are rarely accepted due to U.S. sanctions—cash is king.
  • What to Avoid: Black-market exchanges (illegal) and relying on ATMs (unreliable).

Spanish is official; English is limited outside tourist areas.

Helpful phrases:

  • “¿Cuánto cuesta?” (How much?)
  • “Gracias” (Thank you).

Generally safe, but petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing in Old Havana) occurs.

Avoid: Unlicensed taxis, flashing valuables.

Emergency number: 106 (police).

Vaccinations: Routine vaccines + Hepatitis A/Typhoid (CDC recommendations).

Tap water is unsafe—drink bottled.

Pharmacies: Often understocked; bring prescriptions.

Buses (Viazul): Best for intercity travel; book ahead.

Taxis: Classic cars (“almendrones”) are iconic but agree on prices first.

Walking: Ideal in Havana Vieja/Trinidad.

Cuba is budget-friendly but varies between tourist hubs (Havana, Varadero) and rural areas.

Accommodation:

  • Budget: Casas particulares (homestays, $15–30/night).
  • Mid-range: 3-star hotels ($50–100/night).
  • Luxury: 4-5 star resorts ($120+/night, e.g., Varadero).

Food:

  • Paladares (private restaurants): $10–20/meal.
  • Government-run restaurants: $5–10/meal (lower quality).

Drinks:

  • Mojito: $3–5 (tourist bars1 (local spots).
  • Beer: $1–2.

Transportation:

  • Vintage taxis: $10–20 for short Havana rides.
  • Bus (Viazul): Long-distance, affordable (e.g., Havana to Trinidad: $25).
  • Bike rentals: $5–10/day.

Money-Saving Tips:

  • Stay in casas particulares for authentic/local prices.

  • Eat at paladares over state-run spots.

  • Negotiate taxi fares upfront.

Explore Cuba

A UNESCO World Heritage site, Old Havana is the historic core of the capital city, Havana, located on the northwestern coast. It’s renowned for its beautifully preserved colonial architecture, cobblestone streets, and vibrant atmosphere, transporting visitors back in time.

Nestled in the Pinar del Río province in western Cuba, the Viñales Valley is a stunning agricultural region famous for its “mogotes”—limestone karsts that dot the landscape. It’s a prime location for tobacco farming and offers excellent opportunities for hiking, horseback riding, and cave exploration.

Another UNESCO World Heritage site, Trinidad is a perfectly preserved colonial town situated in central Cuba, near the southern coast. Its colorful pastel houses, cobblestone streets, and grand plazas provide a captivating glimpse into Cuba’s past as a sugar trading hub.

Located on the Hicacos Peninsula on Cuba’s northern coast in the Matanzas province, Varadero is Cuba’s most famous beach resort. It boasts 20 kilometers of pristine white sand beaches and crystal-clear turquoise waters, making it a popular destination for relaxation and water sports.

As Cuba’s second-largest city, Santiago de Cuba is a vibrant hub of Afro-Cuban culture and revolutionary history, located on the southeastern coast. It’s known for its lively music scene, annual carnival, and significant historical landmarks like the Moncada Barracks.

Dubbed the “Pearl of the South,” Cienfuegos is a charming city on Cuba’s south-central coast, known for its elegant French colonial architecture and beautiful bay. Its well-preserved historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering a more relaxed atmosphere than Havana.

Situated in the heart of Cuba, Santa Clara in the Villa Clara province holds immense historical significance as the site of the final battle of the Cuban Revolution. It’s home to the iconic Che Guevara Mausoleum and Museum, attracting visitors interested in revolutionary history.

Cuba’s oldest colonial city, Baracoa is located on the far eastern tip of the island in the Guantánamo province. Surrounded by lush mountains and rainforest, it offers a unique blend of history, natural beauty, and distinct local culture, including the iconic El Yunque mountain.

Part of the Jardines del Rey archipelago off Cuba’s northern coast, Cayo Coco is an idyllic island paradise in the Ciego de Ávila province. It’s celebrated for its untouched beaches, diverse marine life, and all-inclusive resorts, perfect for a tranquil beach getaway.

Located on the southern coast of Cuba in Matanzas province, the Bay of Pigs is historically significant as the site of the failed 1961 U.S.-backed invasion. Today, it’s also recognized for its excellent diving and snorkeling in pristine waters, along with its proximity to the Zapata Swamp, a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Authentic Local Vibe
  • Lush Green Landscapes
  • Opportunities for local festivals

Main Drawbacks:

  • Higher Humidity
  • Risk of Hurricanes (especially August-October)
  • Some closures in smaller tourist areas
  • More frequent, though often short, rain showers

Key Regions:

  • Pinar del Río: Enjoy the lush tobacco fields and “mogotes” with fewer tourists.
  • Eastern Cuba (Baracoa, Santiago de Cuba): Experience vibrant local culture and history in a more relaxed atmosphere.
  • Isla de la Juventud: A tranquil escape, perfect for diving and a quieter pace.
  • Cayo Largo del Sur: Although a beach destination, the lower season can offer great deals.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events (e.g., Havana Film Festival in December)
  • Transitioning landscapes (from dry to green)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Prices start to increase in December
  • April can still see some rain, though less frequent
  • Popular spots begin to fill up

Key Regions:

  • Havana: Enjoy the capital’s energy without peak season density.
  • Trinidad: Explore the colonial gem and nearby beaches in pleasant weather.
  • Viñales Valley: Perfect for outdoor activities like hiking and horseback riding.
  • Cienfuegos: Discover the “Pearl of the South” with comfortable temperatures.
  • November – March (excluding December holidays)
  • Mid-July to late August (Cuban summer holidays)
  • Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
  • Easter Week

Planning Your Trip

Greetings: A handshake or kiss on the cheek is common.

Tipping: Expected in CUC (10% at restaurants; small change for musicians/toilet attendants).

Dress: Casual but modest (beachwear is for beaches only).

Music/Dancing: Join in! Salsa is a way of life.

Politics: Avoid debates; Cubans may be cautious discussing government.

Accommodation: Casas ($20–50), hotels 80–200+).

Food: Street snacks ($1–3), casa meals 5–10), paladares (private restaurants, $15–30).

Transport: Viazul ($10–50/leg), taxis ($20–100).

Activities: Museums (2–5),salsalessons(10–15).

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: $40–60 (casas, street food, buses).

  • Mid-range: $80–120 (casas, paladares, taxis).

  • Luxury: $200+ (hotels, private guides, vintage car tours).

Wi-Fi: Buy ETECSA cards ($1–2/hour) at telecom offices/hotels. Access in parks/plazas (look for crowds staring at phones!).

SIM Cards: Hard for tourists; rely on Wi-Fi.

Offline Maps: Download maps.me—essential without reliable data.

Required for entry (checked randomly). Must cover medical emergencies.

Recommended: Evacuation coverage (Cuba’s healthcare is good but facilities may be basic).

Adventure activities: Verify if policy covers scuba diving, etc.

Tip: Bring cash (USD/EUR to exchange)—ATMs often reject foreign cards.

Cuba offers unique stays beyond hotels.

Casa Particulares (Homestays):

  • Best value ($20–50/night): Private rooms in local homes. Look for blue license stickers.
  • Pros: Authentic, home-cooked meals ($5–10), local tips.

Hotels:

  • Luxury: Hotel Nacional (Havana), Paradisus resorts (Varadero).
  • Mid-range: Iberostar chain (good for families).
  • Budget: Hostels rare; opt for casas instead.

Airbnb:

  • Growing in cities; book via Cuban sites (e.g., Casa Particular directories).

Tip: Stay in casas—support locals and get insider advice.

Transport can be unpredictable; plan ahead.

Buses:

  • Viazul: Reliable for tourists between major cities (Havana, Trinidad, Viñales). Book online early—seats sell out.
  • Local buses (“guaguas”) are cheap but crowded and slow.

Taxis:

  • Official taxis: Negotiate fares upfront (e.g., Havana to Viñales ~$100).
  • Collectivos: Shared taxis (cheaper; depart when full).
  • Vintage cars: Fun for short Havana rides (~$30–50/hour).

Car Rental:

  • Expensive ($60–100/day) and scarce; book months ahead.
  • Road conditions vary—GPS is unreliable; use maps.

Biking:

  • Great for small towns (Trinidad, Viñales). Rentals ~$10/day.

Domestic Flights:

  • Limited routes (e.g., Havana to Santiago); often delayed.

Tip: Mix buses and taxis for cost-efficiency.

Handy Tips

The official currency in Cuba is the Cuban Peso (CUP).

Exchanging Currency:

  • Avoid exchanging money at airports or hotels—banks (Banco Metropolitano) or CADECA exchange offices offer better rates.
  • USD exchanges incur a 10% penalty—bring EUR, GBP, or CAD for better rates.

Using Cards:

  • U.S. credit/debit cards do NOT work due to sanctions. Non-U.S. cards (Visa/Mastercard) may work in hotels but often fail—bring cash.
  • ATMs are unreliable and may not accept foreign cards.

Tipping Etiquette:

  • Tipping is appreciated (Cubans earn very little). Carry small CUP bills for tips.
  • Restaurants/Bars: 10% (if not included).
  • Taxis: 5–10% or round up.
  • Hotel Staff: 1–2perbagforporters;1–2 per day for housekeeping.
  • Tour Guides: $5–10 per person for full-day tours.

Spanish is the official language. English is spoken in tourist areas but not widely understood elsewhere. Helpful phrases:

  • “¿Dónde está…?” (Where is…?)

  • “¿Cuánto cuesta?” (How much?)

  • “La cuenta, por favor” (The bill, please).

  • Pro Tip: Cubans are warm but direct—avoid sensitive topics (politics, the U.S. embargo) unless they bring it up.

Cuba is very safe (low violent crime), but petty theft (e.g., pickpocketing in Havana) occurs.

Emergency Contacts:

  • 106: Police.
  • 105: Medical emergencies.
  • 104: Fire.
  • Your embassy info (keep handy—major countries have offices in Havana).

Avoid:

  • Unlicensed taxis (use official coco taxis or state-run taxis).
  • Drinking tap water (stick to bottled).

Cuba uses 110V/60Hz with Type A/B plugs (same as the U.S.). Power outages are common—bring a portable charger.

Tap water is NOT safe to drink. Stick to bottled water (sealed bottles only—check caps). Restaurants serving tourists typically use filtered water for ice.

Major holidays (government offices/attractions may close):

  • 1 Jan: Liberation Day (Revolution anniversary).

  • 1 May: Labor Day (huge parades).

  • 25–27 Jul: Anniversary of the Revolution (festivals nationwide).

  • 10 Oct: Independence Day.

  • 25 Dec: Christmas (reinstated in 1997).

State Shops: 9:00–17:00 (often close for lunch).

Paladares (Private Restaurants): Open later, but reserve ahead.

Farmers’ Markets (“Agro Mercados”): Best in mornings (weekends busiest).

Ropa Vieja: Shredded beef stewed with tomatoes, peppers, and onions—national dish.

Lechón Asado: Slow-roasted pork with citrus-garlic marinade (mojo criollo)—party favorite.

Picadillo: Ground beef cooked with olives, raisins, and capers—sweet-savory combo.

Tostones: Twice-fried plantain slices—crispy, golden, irresistible.

Yuca con Mojo: Boiled cassava topped with garlic-lime sauce—humble, hearty side.

Camarones al Ajillo: Shrimp sautéed in garlic and olive oil—simple and fresh.

Cuban Sandwich: Ham, roast pork, pickles, mustard, Swiss cheese—pressed and toasted.

Flan de Leche: Silky caramel custard—Cuba’s most beloved dessert.

Tres Leches Cake: Sponge cake soaked in three milks—ultra moist and decadent.

Cocada: Coconut fudge—chewy, sweet, often handmade at roadside stands.

Alcoholic:

  • Cuban Rum (Havana Club 7 Años): Rich, oaky, ideal for sipping or mixing.

  • Mojito: Lime, mint, sugar, rum, and soda—Cuba’s iconic refresher.

  • Daiquiri: Classic blend of lime, rum, and sugar—famously loved by Hemingway.

  • Canchánchara: Trinidad’s honey-lime-rum cocktail—sweet, earthy, historic.

  • Cuba Libre: Rum and cola with lime—simple, symbolic, satisfying.

  • Cristal Beer: Light Cuban lager—crisp and perfect for hot days.

  • Bucanero Fuerte: Stronger, maltier Cuban beer—local favorite.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Café Cubano: Sweet, jet-black espresso shot—small but mighty.

  • Guarapo: Fresh-pressed sugarcane juice—cool and naturally sweet.

  • Batido de Mango: Creamy mango smoothie made with milk or ice.

  • Malta: Sweet, non-alcoholic malt beverage—like liquid bread.

  • Agua de Coco: Fresh coconut water—sold straight from the shell on beaches.

Old Havana (Habana Vieja): UNESCO-listed maze of plazas, cathedrals, and baroque buildings.

Museo de la Revolución: Housed in Batista’s former palace—full of revolutionary relics.

Fusterlandia: José Fuster’s mosaic-covered neighborhood—Cuba’s answer to Gaudí.

Ernest Hemingway’s House (Finca Vigía): Preserved as he left it—books, typewriter, hunting trophies.

Afro-Cuban Religion (Santería): Rooted in Yoruba traditions—visible in dress, dance, and music.

Plaza de la Revolución: Massive portraits of Che and Camilo tower over government buildings.

Teatro Alicia Alonso: Cuba’s grand ballet venue—ornate and world-renowned.

Callejón de Hamel: Alleyway of Afro-Cuban art and rumba—Sundays come alive here.

Colon Cemetery: Havana’s vast necropolis—ornate tombs and haunting beauty.

Casa de la Trova (Santiago & Trinidad): Live son music in timeless settings—dance like a local.

Classic Car Ride in Havana: Cruise the Malecón in a 1950s convertible—timeless thrill.

Beach Day at Varadero: Powder-white sand and turquoise water—resort comfort or DIY.

Cave Exploring in Viñales: Venture into Cueva del Indio—boat ride inside included.

Live Jazz at La Zorra y el Cuervo: Havana’s legendary underground club—book ahead.

Snorkeling at Bay of Pigs: Coral reefs, crystal waters—great for beginners.

Hiking El Yunque (Baracoa): Jungle trek to a flat-top mountain—epic views and endemic species.

Tobacco Farm Tour: See cigars rolled by hand in Viñales—sample included.

Sunset at Malecón: Havana’s seafront promenade—music, lovers, laughter at golden hour.

Horseback Ride to Waterfalls (Trinidad): Rural Cuba at its best—natural pools await.

Cinema at La Rampa: Watch Cuban indie films with locals—cheap and authentic night out.

Fábrica de Arte Cubano (FAC): Trendy art-club-bar hybrid—live music, exhibitions, and DJs.

El Floridita: Hemingway’s daiquiri haunt—red-jacketed bartenders and historic glamour.

La Bodeguita del Medio: Mojitos and messy graffiti walls—touristy but still fun.

Sangri-La: Havana’s underground club scene—unmarked door, slick crowd.

Jardines del 1830: Elegant riverside cocktails and salsa dancing under the stars.

Bar Roma (Camagüey): Rooftop vibes and local crowd—off the beaten path.

Club Tropicana: Iconic open-air cabaret—sparkles, sequins, and showgirls since 1939.

Bar Café Literario: Books, art, and cocktails—perfect for a mellow night.

Don Eduardo Alegre (Trinidad): Rum bar with live son music—great atmosphere.

Espacios: Chic lounge-bar with garden patio—hipster favorite in Vedado district.