AUSTRALIA

Australia, a vast island continent, boasts diverse landscapes from stunning beaches and ancient rainforests to sprawling deserts and vibrant cities. Rich Indigenous history intertwines with a modern, multicultural identity, offering unique adventures and laid-back charm.

Region: Oceania

Capital: Canberra

Official Language: English

Level of Travel Safety: Australia is generally very safe, but be aware of natural hazards like bushfires, extreme heat, and dangerous wildlife. Exercise normal precautions against petty crime, especially in urban areas.

A map of Oceania, with Australia highlighted in green.

Why Visit Australia?

Natural Wonders: From the Great Barrier Reef to Uluru, Australia’s landscapes are unmatched.

Iconic Cities: Sydney’s Opera House and Melbourne’s laneway culture offer contrasting vibes.

Unique Wildlife: Spot kangaroos, koalas, wombats, and more in the wild or at sanctuaries.

An aerial view of Sydney Harbour, featuring the Opera House and Harbour Bridge, with the city skyline in the background.

Laid-back Culture: Friendly locals, beachy lifestyle, and a strong coffee culture.

Diverse Adventures: Surfing, snorkeling, wine tasting, and outback trekking—all in one trip.

Mild Weather Year-Round: Enjoyable across seasons—summer (Dec–Feb) can hit 95°F/35°C, while winters (Jun–Aug) are mild, around 60°F/16°C.

A panoramic view of a vast, forested valley with rugged cliffs under a cloudy sky.

Essential Trip Information

Australia has strict border policies. Most travelers need to apply for a visa before arrival.

Check your eligibility and apply through the official site: immi.homeaffairs.gov.au

Common options include:

  • eVisitor (subclass 651) for EU nationals (free).
  • ETA (subclass 601) for eligible countries (US$15).
  • Visitor Visa (subclass 600) for others.

Passport must be valid for at least six months beyond your stay.

Be ready to show proof of onward travel, accommodation, and sufficient funds.

Australia has strict biosecurity rules—declare all food, plant, and animal items.

  • Australia uses the Australian Dollar (A$). Notes: A$5, A$10, A$20, A$50, A$100. Coins: 5¢ to A$2.

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange some cash; ATMs at arrival airports often have better rates than booths.

  • During Your Trip: Use ATMs at major banks (Commonwealth, Westpac). Credit cards (Visa/Mastercard) are widely accepted. Carry A$20–50 for small transactions.

  • What to Avoid: Airport exchange kiosks and dynamic currency conversion (always choose AUD).

Australia is moderately expensive, especially in big cities like Sydney and Melbourne.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Hostels/motels (US$40–80/night)

  • Mid-range: Hotels, guesthouses (US$120–200/night)

  • Luxury: Boutique or chain hotels (US$250+/night)

Food

  • Quick bites: Cafés, takeaways (US$10–15)

  • Casual dining: US$20–35/person

  • Fine dining: US$60+/person

Drinks

  • Beer: US$6–9 (bars), US$2–4 (bottle shops)

  • Cocktails: US$12–18

Transportation

  • Public transport: US$2–5/trip (Opal/Myki cards needed)

  • Uber/taxis: US$15–40 for short trips

  • Rental cars: US$40–70/day

Money-Saving Tips

  • Use public transport cards (Opal in Sydney, Myki in Melbourne).

  • Visit free attractions like beaches, national parks, and museums.

  • Explore vibrant local food scenes at food markets (e.g., Queen Victoria Market).

English is the official language.

Aussie slang is common—don’t be surprised by phrases like “no worries,” “arvo,” or “mate.”

Helpful phrases: “Where’s the nearest…?”, “How much is this?”, “Thanks heaps!”

Very safe country for tourists.

Exercise caution in remote areas, especially when hiking or driving long distances.

Petty theft is rare but still stay alert in busy areas.

Emergency number: 000

No special vaccinations required.

Travel insurance strongly recommended (healthcare is excellent but expensive for non-residents).

Pharmacies are widespread. Tap water is safe to drink.

Domestic flights are common due to the country’s size (Qantas, Virgin, Jetstar).

Trains and buses connect major cities and towns (NSW TrainLink, Greyhound).

Driving offers freedom—roads are well-maintained but distances can be vast.

In cities: public transport is efficient, but not 24/7.

Walking and biking are safe in urban centers.

Explore Australia

An iconic architectural masterpiece on Sydney Harbour, New South Wales. This UNESCO World Heritage site offers world-class performances and breathtaking views of the city skyline and Harbour Bridge.

The world’s largest coral reef system, off the coast of Queensland. This UNESCO World Heritage site teems with marine life and offers unparalleled opportunities for snorkeling, diving, and island hopping. Access is typically from Cairns or Port Douglas.

Home to the sacred sandstone monoliths of Uluru and Kata Tjuta in the Northern Territory’s Red Centre. This spiritual heart of Australia offers incredible sunrises and sunsets, rich Aboriginal culture, and stunning desert landscapes.

A vibrant cultural capital in Victoria, known for its hidden laneways, world-class dining, street art, and thriving arts scene. It’s located on the southeastern coast and is a hub for sports and fashion.

A spectacular coastal drive in Victoria, starting west of Melbourne. It features dramatic cliffs, pristine beaches, and iconic rock formations like the Twelve Apostles, offering stunning panoramic ocean views.

Australia’s most famous beach, located just east of Sydney’s city center, New South Wales. It’s a popular spot for surfing, swimming, and soaking up the sun, with a lively promenade and ocean pools.

A vast and diverse World Heritage-listed national park in the Northern Territory, southeast of Darwin. It’s renowned for its ancient Aboriginal rock art, lush wetlands, diverse wildlife, and dramatic escarpments.

A pristine wildlife haven off the coast of South Australia, south of Adelaide. It’s home to abundant native animals, including kangaroos, koalas, and seals, set amidst rugged coastlines and beautiful national parks.

A popular coastal town in northern New South Wales, known for its relaxed bohemian vibe, beautiful beaches, and iconic lighthouse. It’s a hotspot for surfing, alternative lifestyles, and stunning sunrise views.

The world’s oldest continually surviving tropical rainforest, located in Far North Queensland, north of Cairns. This ancient ecosystem is a UNESCO World Heritage site, offering incredible biodiversity and a chance to experience the rainforest meeting the reef.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Lush Landscapes (tropical north)
  • Unique Wildlife Sightings (tropical north)
  • Snow Sports (southern alpine regions)

Main Drawbacks:

  • High Temperatures & Humidity (tropical north)
  • Heavy Rains & Cyclones (tropical north)
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (tropical north)
  • Some closures due to weather
  • Cooler Temperatures (southern winter)

Key Regions:

  • Northern Territory (Top End): Experience dramatic waterfalls and fewer crowds in Kakadu and Litchfield National Parks, but expect high humidity and rain.
  • Northern Queensland: Witness lush rainforests and full rivers, but be mindful of stingers in the ocean and potential cyclones.
  • Tasmania (Winter): Embrace cozy fireside experiences, winter festivals like Dark Mofo, and explore stunning, crisp landscapes.
  • Australian Alps (Winter): Hit the slopes for skiing and snowboarding in New South Wales and Victoria.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather (pleasant temperatures nationwide)
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events (especially food & wine)
  • Blooming Wildflowers (spring, especially WA)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Can still be warm in early autumn/late spring in some regions.
  • Unpredictable weather fronts.
  • Some popular regions start to see increased visitors as weather improves.

Key Regions:

  • Melbourne & Victoria: Perfect for exploring vibrant laneways, cultural events, and the Great Ocean Road in comfortable weather.
  • Sydney & New South Wales: Enjoy city sights, coastal walks, and the Blue Mountains with pleasant temperatures and fewer peak crowds.
  • Perth & Margaret River, Western Australia: Experience stunning wildflowers in spring and enjoy world-class wineries in mild conditions.
  • Red Centre (Uluru & Alice Springs): Autumn and spring offer more bearable temperatures for exploring the Outback’s iconic landmarks.
  • Summer (December – February) in southern states
  • School holidays (nationwide)
  • Public holidays (nationwide)
  • Major events (e.g., Australian Open, Sydney New Year’s Eve)

Planning Your Trip

Tipping: Not expected but appreciated (10% in restaurants).

Greetings: Casual (“G’day!”), handshakes common.

Beach Culture: Follow surf etiquette (locals take priority).

Indigenous Culture: Respect sacred sites (e.g., Uluru climbing banned).

Environmental Care: Strict biosecurity laws—declare all food/plants on arrival.

Smoking/Vaping: Banned in many public places. Look for designated zones.

Australia can be pricey, but planning helps.

Accommodation: Hostels: US$25–60, Hotels: US$120–250, Luxury: US$350+.

Food:

  • Cafés/fast food: US$10–15, casual dining: US$20–35, fine dining: US$80+ per person.
  • Tipping is not expected but appreciated in upscale restaurants.

Transport:

  • Metro/buses: US$2.50–4/ride, rideshare: US$10–25, intercity flights: US$50–200.

Activities:

  • Many beaches, hikes, and museums are free.
  • Wildlife parks: US$25–40, guided tours: US$50–100+.

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$70–120 (hostels, public transport, cheap eats).

  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (hotels, mix of paid/free activities).

  • Luxury: US$350+ (premium stays, gourmet dining, private tours).

Free Wi-Fi: Limited—available in cafes, libraries.

SIM Cards: Telstra (best coverage), Optus (cheaper). Prepaid plans ~US$20–40 for 10GB.

eSIMs: Supported (Airalo, local providers).

Essential for: Medical emergencies (healthcare costly for foreigners).

Adventure coverage: Needed for diving, hiking, remote travel.

Flight delays: Common due to distance/weather.

Pro Tip: Pack for all climates—Australia can swing from desert heat to alpine chill!

From luxury lodges to backpacker hubs.

Hotels:

  • Luxury: Crown Towers (Melbourne), Qualia (Whitsundays).
  • Mid-range: Ibis, Mercure (city centers).
  • Budget: Motel chains (e.g., Big4 Holiday Parks).

Hostels:

  • Base, YHA for backpackers (Sydney, Cairns).

Airbnb/VRBO:

  • Great for groups (try Byron Bay, Blue Mountains).

Unique Stays:

  • Wilderness lodges (Kangaroo Island), beachfront glamping (NSW).

Tip: Book ahead for peak seasons (Dec–Jan, Easter).

Australia’s distances are vast—plan transport wisely.

Domestic Flights:

  • Qantas, Jetstar, Virgin Australia connect major cities (e.g., Sydney–Melbourne from US$50).
  • Essential for long distances (e.g., Sydney to Perth).

Trains:

  • Scenic routes only (e.g., Indian Pacific, Sydney–Melbourne). Slow but picturesque.

Buses:

  • Greyhound Australia for budget coast travel (e.g., Brisbane–Cairns).

Car Rentals:

  • Best for flexibility (US$30–80/day). Drive on the left!
  • Campervans popular for coastal road trips (Great Ocean Road, East Coast).

Public Transport:

  • Major cities have trains/trams (Opal Card in Sydney, Myki in Melbourne).
  • Uber/Taxis widely available but expensive in remote areas.

Ferries:

  • Key for islands (e.g., Whitsundays, Tasmania).

Handy Tips

Australia uses the Australian Dollar (AUD), with banknotes in denominations of $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Coins include 5¢, 10¢, 20¢, 50¢, $1, and $2.

  • Exchanging Currency: Exchange at banks or currency exchange services for better rates; avoid airport kiosks with high fees.

  • Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Amex) are widely accepted, but always carry small bills for tips, buses, and small purchases.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Tipping isn’t mandatory, but appreciated.

    • Restaurants/Bars: Generally, 10-15% is appreciated if service was good.

    • Taxis/Rideshares: Round up to the nearest dollar or add a few dollars as a tip.

    • Hotel Staff: A few dollars for porters and housekeeping is appreciated.

    • Tour Guides: $5–10 per person for group tours.

English is the official language, but Australian slang is often used in casual conversation. Here are some helpful phrases:

  • “G’day mate!” (Hello)

  • “How’s it going?” (How are you?)

  • “Where’s the nearest bus stop?”

  • “Can I have the bill, please?” Pro Tip: Australians are laid-back but value directness. No need for excessive pleasantries, just get to the point.

Australia is generally very safe, but always remain vigilant in large cities like Sydney or Melbourne, particularly at night.

Emergency Contacts:

  • 000: All emergencies (police, fire, medical).
  • 131 444: Non-emergency police assistance.
  • Your Embassy: Located in major cities (keep emergency contact details handy).

Australia uses a 230V/50Hz system with Type I plugs (two flat pins in a V-shape and a grounding pin). Visitors will need a plug adapter; converters are rarely necessary unless traveling with high-powered devices.

Tap water is safe to drink across Australia, including in cities and rural areas. Bottled water is commonly available but ask for “tap water” at restaurants to avoid additional charges.

Public holidays in Australia are observed nationwide, though some states may vary.

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • Good Friday (Varies): Religious observance

  • 25 Apr: ANZAC Day

  • 1st Mon in Jun: Queen’s Birthday

  • 1st Mon in Oct: Labour Day (in some states)

  • 25 Dec: Christmas Day

  • 26 Dec: Boxing Day Note: Some businesses close on holidays, especially on Christmas and New Year’s Day.

Stores: Generally open from 9:00 AM to 5:30 PM, with late-night shopping in cities on Thursdays. Shopping malls may have longer hours.

Pharmacies: Major pharmacies like Priceline are typically open from 8:30 AM to 9:00 PM. Some pharmacies may stay open 24/7.

Farmers’ Markets: Usually on weekends in cities and regional areas.

Meat Pie: A national icon—flaky pastry filled with minced meat, gravy, and sometimes cheese or onions.

Barramundi: Australia’s favorite fish—grilled or pan-fried and served with lemon or herb butter.

Moreton Bay Bug: Not a bug, but a type of lobster! Best grilled with garlic butter.

Lamb Chops with Rosemary: Popular BBQ item, especially on holidays like Australia Day.

Kangaroo Fillet: Lean, gamey, and surprisingly tender—served rare with native spices.

Chicken Parmigiana (“Parma”): Pub classic—breaded chicken topped with marinara and cheese.

Beetroot Burger: Aussie twist—adds sliced beetroot to your standard burger.

Damper: Traditional bush bread, often cooked over campfires and served with golden syrup or butter.

Lamingtons: Sponge cake squares dipped in chocolate and rolled in coconut.

Pavlova: Crisp meringue base with a soft inside, topped with fresh fruit—disputed between Aussies and Kiwis!

Alcoholic:

  • Shiraz: Especially from Barossa Valley—bold, spicy, and a world-class Aussie red.

  • Chardonnay: Margaret River’s hallmark white—rich, buttery, and citrusy.

  • Sparkling Wine from Tasmania: Cool climate, crisp bubbles—Australia’s answer to Champagne.

  • James Squire Beer: Craft brewery offering a wide range of styles from amber ales to porters.

  • Coopers Pale Ale: Iconic South Australian beer—cloudy, yeasty, and very drinkable.

  • VB (Victoria Bitter): A classic lager and an Aussie BBQ staple.

  • XXXX Gold: Pronounced “Four X”—Queensland’s pride in a can.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Flat White: Aussie-born coffee—velvety microfoam over espresso.

  • Milo: Chocolate-malt powder stirred into milk (hot or cold)—a childhood favorite.

  • Lemon, Lime & Bitters: Pub favorite—zesty, fizzy, and non-alcoholic.

  • Bundaberg Ginger Beer: Made with real ginger and fermented—spicy, sweet, and satisfying.

  • Rainwater or Artesian Water: Especially popular in the Outback and Tasmania—pure and naturally filtered.

The Sydney Opera House: An architectural marvel and cultural icon of Australia.

Aboriginal Heritage: Learn about Australia’s Indigenous culture at places like the National Museum of Australia or by taking an Indigenous tour.

Fremantle: A historic port city in Western Australia, known for its maritime history.

The Rocks, Sydney: A historic area featuring cobblestone streets, museums, and pubs dating back to Australia’s colonial past.

National War Memorial (Canberra): A tribute to Australian soldiers with historical exhibits.

Tasmanian Convict Sites: Explore Australia’s convict past in Tasmania, a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Art Galleries: The National Gallery of Australia and the Art Gallery of New South Wales showcase local and international art.

The Gold Coast: A modern tourist destination with a rich history tied to the early settlement of Australia.

Flinders Ranges: A rugged region full of ancient landscapes and cultural significance.

Australian Bush: Discover the heart of Australia by visiting national parks like Kakadu, famous for its ancient rock art and wildlife.

Sydney Opera House: Attend a world-class performance in one of Australia’s most iconic landmarks.

Great Barrier Reef: A must-visit natural wonder for snorkeling and diving.

Bondi Beach: Famous surfing spot in Sydney, perfect for sunbathing and beach activities.

Melbourne’s Laneways: Explore the quirky side streets, cafes, and street art of Melbourne.

National Gallery of Australia: Visit for Aboriginal art, European paintings, and sculptures.

Sydney Harbour Bridge Climb: Climb the famous bridge for breathtaking views of the harbor.

Uluru (Ayers Rock): A spiritual and cultural experience in the heart of the Red Centre.

Tasmania’s Cradle Mountain: Hike through Tasmania’s pristine wilderness and see stunning landscapes.

Wildlife Parks: Meet koalas, kangaroos, and other Australian animals at parks like Taronga Zoo or Healesville Sanctuary.

Whitsunday Islands: A tropical paradise perfect for sailing and exploring Whitehaven Beach.

The Baxter Inn (Sydney): Hidden whisky bar with speakeasy charm.

The Espy (Melbourne): Legendary live music and rooftop views in St Kilda.

Opera Bar (Sydney): Cocktails with unbeatable views of the Opera House and Harbour Bridge.

QT Rooftop Bar (Melbourne): Chic design, DJs, and skyline panoramas.

Holey Moley: Mini-golf bar meets party central—found in most major cities.

The Aviary (Perth): Rooftop bar with jungle vibes and Asian-fusion cocktails.

Cry Baby (Adelaide): Dive bar meets rock club with a killer jukebox.

The Beach Hotel (Byron Bay): Iconic coastal pub for sundowners and surf tunes.

The Gresham (Brisbane): Award-winning cocktails served in heritage surrounds.

Luna Rooftop (Hobart): Trendy drinks with views over the Derwent River.