LEBANON

Nestled on the eastern Mediterranean, Lebanon is a land of ancient history, diverse cultures, and stunning natural beauty. From Phoenician ruins to Ottoman architecture, its past is rich, while its vibrant cities offer a modern appeal.

Region: Middle East

Capital: Beirut

Official Language: Arabic

Level of Travel Safety: The security situation in Lebanon is volatile and can deteriorate with little notice. Visitors should exercise extreme caution and monitor local advisories closely.

A map of the Middle East with Lebanon highlighted in green.

Why Visit Lebanon?

Ancient History in Every Stone: Explore millennia-old temples at Baalbek, Roman ruins in Tyre, and Crusader castles in Tripoli.

Diverse Landscapes: Ski in the morning and swim in the Mediterranean by afternoon—few places offer this contrast.

World-Class Cuisine: Savor mezze spreads, fresh seafood, arak, and Lebanese wines in both street cafés and fine restaurants.

An aerial view of a rugged coastline with waves crashing against rocks and a town stretching along the shore.

Cultural Resilience: Despite challenges, Beirut thrives with art, nightlife, and a thriving café culture.

Warm Hospitality: Lebanese people are famously welcoming—guests are treated like family.

Unique Religious and Architectural Mix: Mosques, churches, and ancient ruins coexist, creating a rich mosaic of tradition and identity.

A low-angle view looking up at the ancient, weathered stone columns of a structure.

Essential Trip Information

Most travelers require a visa, but many nationalities can obtain it on arrival or apply online.

Check specific requirements on the General Security of Lebanon official website: https://www.general-security.gov.lb

Your passport must be valid for at least 6 months.

Israeli stamps or visas in your passport may lead to denial of entry.

Proof of accommodation, return ticket, and sufficient funds may be requested.

Visa on arrival for eligible travelers is free and valid for 1 month (extendable).

The official currency is the Lebanese Pound (LBP), but US Dollars (US$) are widely used and accepted.

Exchange Rate (as of early 2025): US$1 ≈ 89,000 LBP (subject to change due to fluctuation)

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Bring US$ cash. ATMs may have high fees or withdrawal limits.

  • During Your Trip: Pay in US$ for hotels, taxis, and restaurants. Small vendors may quote prices in LBP.

  • What to Avoid: Relying solely on credit cards (many places are cash-only); exchanging money at hotels (poor rates).

Arabic is the official language.

French and English are widely spoken, especially in cities and tourist areas.

Helpful phrases:

  • “Marhaba” – Hello
  • “Shukran” – Thank you
  • “Kam el se’er?” – How much is it?

Lebanon is generally safe for tourists, but political instability can cause disruptions.

Avoid protests or large gatherings.

Be cautious in border areas near Syria or Israel.

Emergency number: 112

No vaccinations are required, but check for updates on water and food safety.

Tap water is not always potable—bottled water is recommended.

Travel insurance is highly recommended.

Pharmacies are common and well-stocked.

Taxis don’t use meters—agree on price in advance.

Buses and minibuses connect major towns but are informal and unpredictable.

Walking is ideal in urban cores like Beirut, Byblos, and Batroun.

For exploring mountains or remote sites, hire a car or guide.

Beirut and tourist hotspots are moderately priced, with some budget-friendly and luxury options.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses, hostels ($20–50/night)

  • Mid-range: Boutique hotels ($70–120/night)

  • Luxury: International chains ($150–250+/night)

Food

  • Street eats: Shawarma, man’oushe ($2–5)

  • Casual dining: Lebanese mezze, grills ($10–20/person)

  • Fine dining: Upscale Lebanese or international ($30–60+/person)

Drinks

  • Beer: $2–4 (local), $6–10 (bars)

  • Wine: $5–8/glass (Lebanon has excellent wineries)

  • Cocktails: $10–15

Transportation

  • Shared taxis (“service”): $1–2

  • Private taxis: $6–20 within Beirut

  • Buses: $0.50–$2 (limited routes, no set schedule)

  • Car rentals: $30–60/day (4WD needed in mountain areas)

Money-Saving Tips

  • Eat at local bakeries and street vendors for affordable meals.

  • Visit free ruins, beaches, and public hiking areas.

  • Use “service” taxis instead of private ones.

Explore Lebanon

The vibrant capital city, located on the Mediterranean coast, is a dynamic blend of ancient history and modern culture, featuring bustling markets, fashionable districts, and historical landmarks.

Home to some of the most magnificent Roman ruins in the world, including the colossal Temples of Jupiter and Bacchus, this archaeological site is located in the Bekaa Valley.

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, located on the coast north of Beirut, offering a charming old port, Crusader castle, and ancient Phoenician ruins.

A spectacular limestone cave system with an upper grotto accessible by foot and a lower grotto explored by boat, located just north of Beirut in the Nahr al-Kalb valley.

A small, ancient grove of Cedar trees, significant in biblical texts and a symbol of Lebanon, nestled high in the Chouf Mountains.

Lebanon’s second-largest city, situated on the northern coast, known for its medieval Mamluk architecture, bustling souks, and the impressive Citadel of Raymond de Saint-Gilles.

An ancient Phoenician city on the southern coast of Lebanon, famous for its picturesque Sea Castle, a well-preserved Crusader fortress, and traditional soap factories.

A historic Phoenician city on the southern coast, a UNESCO World Heritage site featuring significant Roman archaeological remains like the Hippodrome and ancient necropolis.

A beautiful mountainous region southeast of Beirut, renowned for its picturesque villages, historical palaces, and the vast Chouf Cedar Nature Reserve.

A charming coastal town north of Beirut, celebrated for its ancient Phoenician wall, vibrant nightlife, and production of traditional lemonade and craft beer.

Smart Travel

Key Advantages:

  • Lowest Prices
  • Fewer Crowds
  • Authentic Local Vibe
  • Winter Sports (excluding peak ski season)
  • Cozy Atmosphere

Main Drawbacks:

  • Cold Temperatures (average 43-50ºF / 6-10ºC in Beirut)
  • Shorter Days
  • Limited Outdoor Activities (non-ski)
  • Some closures

Key Regions:

  • Beirut: Enjoy indoor attractions like museums and cafes without the usual bustling crowds.
  • Qadisha Valley: Experience a serene and spiritual atmosphere, perhaps with snow-dusted monasteries.
  • Ski Resorts (e.g., Faraya-Mzaar): Excellent for skiing and snowboarding, though some days can be very cold.
  • Tyre & Sidon: Explore ancient sites in cooler, more comfortable weather.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather (average 60-77ºF / 15-25ºC)
  • Manageable Crowds
  • Reasonable Prices
  • Festivals & Events
  • Blooming Landscapes (Spring) & Autumn Colors (Autumn)

Main Drawbacks:

  • Unpredictable Weather (Spring/Autumn)
  • Can still be rainy in early spring or late autumn

Key Regions:

  • Coastal Cities (Beirut, Byblos, Batroun): Perfect for exploring historical sites and enjoying the Mediterranean breeze.
  • Chouf Mountains: Ideal for hiking and visiting traditional villages amidst lush greenery or autumn foliage.
  • Bekaa Valley: Enjoy wine tasting and archaeological sites like Baalbek in pleasant conditions.
  • Northern Lebanon (Tripoli, Cedars of God): Excellent for exploring historical markets and nature reserves.
  • Mid-Summer (June-August)
  • Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
  • Peak Ski Season (February-March)

Planning Your Trip

Hospitality: Lebanese people are famously warm—expect to be offered coffee or food when visiting.

Tipping: 10–15% at restaurants; US$1–2 per bag for porters.

Dress Code: Casual is fine in most areas. In rural or religious sites (e.g., mosques), dress modestly.

Photography: Always ask before taking photos of people or military sites.

Language: Arabic is official, but French and English are widely spoken in cities.

Politics/Religion: Avoid political discussions—sectarian issues can be sensitive.

Accommodation:

  • Budget guesthouses: US$30–60/night
  • Mid-range hotels: US$80–150/night
  • Luxury stays: US$250–400+/night

Food:

  • Street food (manakish, falafel): US$2–5
  • Casual restaurants: US$10–20
  • Fine dining: US$50–100+

Transport:

  • Shared taxis and buses: US$2–10/day
  • Car rental + gas: ~US$50/day

Activities:

  • Museum or site entry: US$5–10
  • Wine tasting: US$15–30
  • Guided tour or hike: US$25–60

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$70–100 (guesthouses, shared transport, street food)
  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (hotels, car hire, dining)
  • Luxury: US$350+ (designer stays, tours, high-end dining)

Free Wi-Fi: Available in most cafes, hotels, and malls.

SIM Cards: Touch and Alfa are the two main providers.

  • Tourist SIM: US$20–40 for 10GB, available at airport or malls.

eSIMs: Supported (Airalo and others) with reliable coverage.

Highly recommended – covers unexpected medical needs, trip cancellations, or political unrest.

Medical care: Beirut has good hospitals, but rural care is limited.

Activities coverage: Check for coverage if skiing or hiking in high-altitude areas.

Lebanon has a growing range of lodging—from chic boutique hotels to mountain lodges.

Luxury:

  • Beirut: Le Gray, Four Seasons, Albergo Hotel.
  • Mount Lebanon: InterContinental Mzaar (ski resort).

Mid-range:

  • Boutique stays: Beit el Batroun (Batroun), L’Auberge des Emirs (Deir el Qamar).
  • Modern hotels: O Monot Hotel (Beirut), Aleph Boutique (Byblos).

Budget:

  • Guesthouses: US$30–60/night in Byblos, Tripoli, or the Chouf.
  • Backpacker hostels: Hamra Urban Gardens (Beirut), Saifi Urban Gardens.

Unique Stays:

  • Restored Ottoman mansions in the Chouf or vineyard lodges in the Bekaa Valley.
  • Eco-lodges: EcoVillage (Akkar), Cedar Valley (Bsharri area).

Tip: Book early if visiting during summer festivals (e.g., Byblos or Baalbek concerts).

Transportation in Lebanon is limited but manageable with planning.

Buses & Minivans:

  • Public minibuses run between cities (Beirut to Tripoli, Tyre, Baalbek) for US$2–5.
  • No fixed schedules—wait times vary.

Shared Taxis (Service):

  • Fixed routes within and between cities (Beirut to Jounieh, etc.).
  • US$1–2 within city, US$5–10 between cities.
  • Shared with strangers unless you pay for a private ride.

Private Taxis & Rideshares:

  • Uber & Bolt available in Beirut—safe and metered.
  • Private taxis: negotiate fare in advance (Beirut to Byblos ~US$25–30).

Car Rentals:

  • Recommended for visiting mountains or wineries.
  • US$40–70/day (plus insurance). Roads can be chaotic; GPS and local driving knowledge help.

Domestic Flights:

  • Not applicable—Lebanon is compact; cross-country trips are 2–3 hours by road.

Bold Recommendation: Hire a car or driver if visiting regions outside Beirut; use Uber in the capital.

Handy Tips

Lebanon uses the Lebanese Pound (LBP), but U.S. Dollars (US$) are widely accepted in most places (especially in Beirut). Dual pricing is common in restaurants, hotels, and taxis.

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport exchanges. Use local exchange shops (“Sarraf”) for the best rates—often better than banks or ATMs.

  • Using Cards: Visa and Mastercard are accepted in major hotels and restaurants. Cash is king—especially for taxis, small shops, or in rural areas.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is appreciated but not mandatory.

    • Restaurants/Bars: Add ~10% to the bill unless service charge is included.

    • Taxis: Round up to the nearest 5,000 LBP or add US$1–2.

    • Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; US$2–3 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person for group tours.

Arabic is the official language, but French and English are widely spoken, especially in urban areas.
Helpful phrases:

  • “Wayne el mat3am?” (Where is the restaurant?)

  • “Addeh haida?” (How much is this?)

  • “Fi receipt?” (Is there a receipt?)

  • Locals often mix Arabic, French, and English in conversation—don’t be surprised!

Pro Tip: Lebanese people are friendly and expressive—expect warm hospitality and personal questions (e.g., “Where are you from?”).

Lebanon is generally safe for tourists, but political instability can arise—always check current travel advisories.

  • Avoid border areas with Syria, and avoid large gatherings or protests.

  • Beirut, Byblos, and the coastal areas are typically safe and tourist-friendly.

Emergency Contacts:

  • 112: Police and General Emergencies

  • 140: Red Cross/Ambulance

  • 175: Fire Department

  • Your Embassy: Many are located in Beirut (keep contacts on hand).

Lebanon uses 220V/50Hz with Type C, D, and G plugs. Bring a universal adapter. Power outages are common—hotels usually have generators, but carry a power bank.

Tap water quality varies. Stick to bottled water (readily available and inexpensive).

In restaurants, bottled water is the norm. Ask for “may zaher” (bottled water) to avoid tap.

Many businesses, banks, and government offices close during national holidays.

  • 1 Jan: New Year’s Day

  • 9 Feb: St. Maron’s Day (Maronite holiday)

  • 25 Mar: Annunciation Day

  • Variable: Good Friday, Easter (Western & Eastern), Eid al-Fitr, Eid al-Adha

  • 6 May: Martyrs’ Day

  • 22 Nov: Independence Day

Note: Muslim and Christian holidays follow different calendars—check dates if traveling during religious festivals.

Shops & Markets: 10:00–20:00 (some reopen after afternoon siesta).

Malls: 10:00–22:00 (ABC, Beirut Souks, CityMall).

Pharmacies: Most open 9:00–21:00; a few operate 24/7 in big cities.

Souks & Street Markets: Mornings are best (e.g., Souk El Tayeb farmers’ market, Tripoli Souks).

Manakish: Levantine flatbread topped with za’atar or cheese—Lebanon’s savory breakfast staple.

Kibbeh Nayyeh: Raw minced lamb with bulgur, spices, and olive oil—a delicacy served with mint and onions.

Kafta: Ground beef/lamb skewers with parsley and spices, grilled and often wrapped in pita.

Fattoush: Fresh salad with crispy bread, sumac, and pomegranate molasses.

Shawarma: Spit-roasted meat shaved into wraps, garnished with pickles and garlic sauce.

Sfiha: Mini meat pies baked with spiced lamb—popular in Baalbek.

Samkeh Harra: Spicy baked fish from Tripoli, dressed with tahini, nuts, and chili.

Moujaddara: Lentil and rice pilaf, topped with caramelized onions—comfort food at its finest.

Knafeh: Warm cheese pastry soaked in orange blossom syrup, topped with crunchy semolina.

Maamoul: Filled cookies (dates, walnuts, pistachios), especially popular during holidays.

Alcoholic:

  • Château Ksara Red: Lebanon’s oldest winery—try their Cabernet-Syrah blends.

  • Château Musar: Legendary winery producing aged, complex reds near the Bekaa Valley.

  • Arak: Anise-flavored spirit served with water and ice—Lebanon’s national drink.

  • Almaza Beer: Crisp Lebanese lager, perfect for hot afternoons.

  • 961 Beer: Beirut-based craft brewery—try their Red Ale or IPA.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Jallab: Sweet drink made of dates, rose water, and molasses—served over crushed ice with pine nuts.

  • Ayran: Yogurt-based salty drink, perfect with grilled meats.

  • Lemonade with Mint: Refreshing summer classic—tart, sweet, and cooling.

  • Carob Juice (Kharoub): Thick, sweet juice made from carob pods—popular during Ramadan.

  • White Coffee (Ahwe Baida): Herbal drink made from orange blossom water—served as a digestive after meals.

Cedars of God (Bsharri): UNESCO-protected forest of biblical cedar trees.

National Museum of Beirut: Stunning artifacts from Phoenician to Ottoman times.

Beiteddine Palace: 19th-century marvel in the Chouf Mountains.

Tyre and Sidon: Ancient port cities with Phoenician and Roman ruins.

Al-Omari Grand Mosque: Once a Crusader church, now a central mosque in Beirut.

Maronite Churches in Qadisha Valley: Blend of spirituality and landscape.

Traditional Dabke Dance: Often seen at weddings and festivals.

Armenian Quarter in Bourj Hammoud: Culinary and cultural enclave.

Religious Coexistence: Churches and mosques side by side—Lebanon in a nutshell.

Hidden Gem: Deir el Qamar—cobblestone village with Ottoman architecture.

Beach Clubs: From upscale options in Byblos to vibrant pools in Batroun and Jounieh.

Bar Hopping in Mar Mikhael: Beirut’s hip nightlife district with eclectic bars and live music.

Jeita Grotto: Vast underground cave system—absolutely stunning.

Hiking in Chouf Cedars: Trails through ancient forests and scenic valleys.

Hamra Street: For local cafes, bookshops, and people-watching.

Byblos Old Port: Ancient harbor + seaside dining in one of the world’s oldest cities.

Baalbek Ruins: Gigantic Roman temples (Heliopolis)—a must-see for history buffs.

Snow in the Morning, Beach in the Afternoon: Yes—possible in spring (March–April)!

Sursock Museum: Modern art inside a historic Beirut villa.

Live Music at The Ballroom Blitz or MusicHall: Local and international acts.

Anise: Upscale Beirut bar specializing in Arak-based cocktails.

The Bohemian: Mar Mikhael favorite with garden seating and inventive drinks.

Dany’s: Long-time local dive bar with outdoor terrace and casual vibes.

Central Station: Speakeasy-style spot with craft cocktails and chic crowd.

Iris Beirut: Rooftop bar with sea views and live DJs.

The Grand Factory: Massive party venue for EDM and indie dance nights.

Ferdinand Gastro Pub: Hidden gem in Hamra known for its truffle burger and whiskey cocktails.

Internazionale: Funky, retro bar on Armenia Street—great for people-watching.

Abbey Road: British-themed rock bar with affordable drinks and themed nights.

Bar du Port: Elegant yet relaxed bar in Downtown—ideal for a classier night out.