Colombia

Colombia is where continents, climates, and cultures collide — and the result is breathtaking. This equatorial nation stretches from the Andean peaks and Amazon jungle to two coastlines, kissed by both the Pacific and the Caribbean. Towering mountains rise from steamy rainforests, desert dunes drift toward the sea, and colonial towns cling to high plateaus or peek from lush valleys. It’s the only South American country with such geographic variety — and it shows in everything from its biodiversity to its local cuisines.

Long before Bogotá ever appeared on a map, Colombia was home to the Muisca, Tayrona, and Quimbaya civilizations, who left gold artifacts and sacred sites scattered across the landscape. Spanish conquistadors brought cities like Cartagena and Popayán to life, where baroque churches and cobbled streets still echo with colonial history. Over centuries, Colombia transformed — coffee farmers carved paths into cloud forests, salsa spilled from Cali’s dancehalls, and once-shadowed cities like Medellín bloomed into innovation hubs. Today, Colombia is not just recovering; it’s rewriting its story with rhythm, resilience, and a whole lot of color.

Why Visit Colombia?

Diversity of Landscapes: From Caribbean beaches (Tayrona) to Andean peaks (Cocora Valley) and Amazon jungle.

Coffee Culture: Tour fincas (farms) in the Eje Cafetero (Coffee Triangle).

Colonial Charm: Cartagena’s walled city and Bogotá’s La Candelaria.

Vibrant Cities: Medellín’s innovation, Cali’s salsa, Bogotá’s arts.

Affordable Luxury: World-class dining and hotels at fraction of U.S./Europe prices.

Friendly Locals: Colombians are famously welcoming (“La tierra de la sabrosura”).

Smart Travel: Off-Season Deals & Delights

Key Advantages:
- Lowest Prices: Flights and accommodation rates are often at their absolute lowest, especially outside of the Christmas and New Year’s period.
- Fewer Crowds: Major attractions, historical sites, and cities are significantly less crowded, offering a more intimate experience.
- Authentic Local Vibe: Experience Colombia like a local, with more opportunities to interact with residents and enjoy a serene atmosphere.
- Pleasant Weather in Certain Regions: While some areas might experience more rain, many regions, especially the Caribbean coast, enjoy sunny and dry conditions.
- Festive Decorations (early winter): Leading up to Christmas, cities like Medellín and Bogotá are beautifully decorated with lights.
Main Drawbacks:
- Rainy Season in Some Regions: This period can coincide with the second rainy season in the Andean region (Bogotá, Medellín, Coffee Axis), leading to more frequent showers.
- Shorter Days: Daylight hours are slightly shorter than in summer, though still ample for sightseeing.
- Some Closures: Certain seasonal attractions or guesthouses, particularly in very remote or eco-tourism focused areas, might operate on reduced schedules or be closed.
- Increased Prices/Crowds during Holidays: The Christmas and New Year’s period (mid-December to mid-January) is a major exception, with significantly higher prices and crowds across the country.
Regions:
- Caribbean Coast (Cartagena, Santa Marta, Tayrona National Park): This is an excellent time to visit the Caribbean coast, as it’s typically the dry season. Enjoy sunny days, warm temperatures, and fewer crowds on the beaches and in historical cities.
- San Andrés and Providencia: These Caribbean islands are also ideal in the dry winter months, offering fantastic diving and beach experiences with less chance of rain.
- Bogotá: While it can be cooler and potentially rainy, Bogotá’s museums, cultural sites, and vibrant culinary scene are enjoyable year-round. Exploring the city without the peak tourist rush can be a rewarding experience.
- Medellín: Known as the “City of Eternal Spring,” Medellín experiences pleasant temperatures even during this period. While there might be some rain, exploring its vibrant neighborhoods, parks, and cable cars is still a great option.
- Cali: The salsa capital of Colombia is fantastic in the winter months. Enjoy its lively nightlife and warm climate.

Key Advantages:

Ideal Weather: Pleasant temperatures for sightseeing and outdoor activities, without the extreme heat of summer or the heaviest rains of the wet season.
Manageable Crowds: Tourist numbers are lower than in peak summer, but attractions are fully open and vibrant.
Reasonable Prices: Flights and accommodation are more affordable than in summer, though slightly higher than deep winter.
Festivals & Events: Many vibrant local festivals and cultural events take place, including Semana Santa (Holy Week) in spring and various cultural festivals in autumn.
Lush Landscapes (Spring) & Blooming Flowers (Autumn): Enjoy the natural beauty of Colombia’s diverse landscapes.

Main Drawbacks:

Rainy Season Transitions: These periods are often transition months between dry and wet seasons, meaning weather can be somewhat unpredictable with occasional heavy showers, particularly in the Andean regions.
Semana Santa Crowds: While generally a shoulder season, Semana Santa (Holy Week, usually in March or April) is a major holiday in Colombia, leading to increased domestic tourism, higher prices, and crowds in popular religious destinations like Popayán.
Humidity: Some regions, particularly the coast, can still be quite humid.

Regions:

Coffee Axis (Armenia, Salento, Manizales, Pereira): Spring and autumn are excellent times to visit the lush coffee regions. The landscapes are vibrant green, and the weather is generally pleasant for coffee farm tours and hiking.
Popayán: Known for its colonial architecture and significant religious traditions, Popayán is particularly atmospheric during Semana Santa, though be prepared for crowds and higher prices during this specific week. Outside of Semana Santa, it’s a charming city to explore.
Tatacoa Desert: While hot, the shoulder seasons can offer slightly milder temperatures for exploring this unique desert landscape and stargazing.
Caño Cristales (River of Five Colors): For those seeking this natural wonder, the peak viewing season typically runs from late May/early June to November, making the very end of the spring shoulder season a possibility, or the beginning of the autumn shoulder season.
Amazon Region (Leticia): These shoulder months can be good for exploring the Amazon, as water levels are often manageable for boat excursions, and wildlife viewing can be rewarding.

Mid-December to Mid-January (Christmas and New Year’s Holiday Period): This is Colombia’s absolute peak tourist season. Prices for flights and accommodation are at their highest, and popular attractions, especially in cities like Cartagena, Medellín, and Bogotá, will be very crowded. Many Colombians also travel domestically during this time, leading to busy transport hubs. While festive, the value for money is significantly lower.

June – August (Northern Hemisphere Summer Vacation): While not as intense as the year-end holidays, this period also sees an increase in international visitors, particularly from North America and Europe. Prices are higher than the off-season, and popular destinations will be busier. The weather in some regions (like the Caribbean coast) can be quite hot and humid during these months.

Ready To Experience Your Perfect Gateaway?

Essential Trip Information

Visa and Entry Requirements

Colombia allows visa-free entry for tourists from many countries (including the U.S., EU, UK, Canada, Australia) for stays of up to 90 days.
Check official requirements for your nationality: Migración Colombia.
Passports must be valid for at least 6 months beyond your stay.
Immigration may ask for proof of onward travel, accommodation, or sufficient funds (~US$50/day).
Overstaying fines apply (~US$30–100).

Currency

Colombia uses the Colombian Peso (COP). Bills: 2,000–100,000 COP. Coins: 50–1,000 COP.
Exchange rate (approx.): US$1 = 3,900 COP (check current rates before travel).

Best Ways to Handle Currency

Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount; ATMs offer better rates.
During Your Trip: Use ATMs at major banks (Bancolombia, Davivienda). Credit cards (Visa/Mastercard) accepted in cities, but carry cash for rural areas.
What to Avoid: Street money changers (scams) and dynamic currency conversion (always choose COP).

Language

Spanish is the official language. English is limited outside tourist areas.
Helpful phrases:
- “Hola” (Hello), “Gracias” (Thank you).
- “¿Cuánto cuesta?” (How much?), “¿Dónde está…?” (Where is…?).

Safety & Security

Generally safe, but be cautious in crowded areas (pickpockets) and avoid isolated neighborhoods at night.
High-risk areas: Consult locals/U.S. State Department advisories.
Emergency number: 123 (police), 125 (ambulance).

Health & Insurance

Vaccinations: Yellow fever (for Amazon/coastal regions), Hepatitis A, Typhoid recommended.
Tap water is safe in cities; use bottled water in rural areas.
Travel insurance is advised (healthcare is affordable but quality varies).

Transportation

Buses: Cheap and extensive; long-distance rides can be bumpy.
Metro: Only in Medellín (US$0.80/ride).
Taxis: Use apps (Uber, Beat) or official taxis (ask for meters).
Domestic flights: Save time (Avianca, LATAM, Viva Air).

Price Level

Colombia is affordable by Western standards, but tourist hotspots (Cartagena, Bogotá) can be pricier.

Accommodation

Budget: Hostels/guesthouses (US$10–30/night).
Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$40–80/night).
Luxury: 4-5 star hotels (US$100+/night).

Food

Quick eats: Empanadas (US$ $U S$$ 1–3).
Casual dining: US$5–15/person.
Fine dining: US$20–50/person.

Drinks

Beer: US$ $U S$$ 0.50–1 (supermarkets).
Coffee: US$1–3 (even premium!).
Cocktails: US$4–10.

Transportation

Buses: Intercity (US$ $c i t y b u ses (U S$$ 0.50–1).
Taxis/Uber: Short rides (US$3–10).
Domestic flights: US$50–150 (e.g., Bogotá to Medellín).

Money-Saving Tips

Eat at local markets (e.g., Paloquemao in Bogotá).
Use public buses over taxis in cities.
Book hostels with free breakfast.

Explore Colombia

Planning Your Trip

Best Time To Visit

Colombia’s tropical climate varies by region, but it’s a year-round destination.

Dry Season (December–March & July–August):

Best for hiking, beaches, and festivals (e.g., Carnival de Barranquilla in February).
Mild temperatures in Bogotá (50–68°F / 10–20°C), hotter in Cartagena (80–90°F / 27–32°C).
Book early for popular destinations like Tayrona National Park.

Rainy Season (April–June & September–November):

Lush landscapes, fewer tourists, and lower prices.
Short afternoon showers—pack a light rain jacket.
Still warm in Medellín (72–82°F / 22–28°C), ideal for coffee region tours.

Tip: Coastal areas (Cartagena, Santa Marta) are hot year-round; Bogotá stays cool.

Local Customs And Etiquette

Greetings: A handshake or cheek kiss (one, right cheek) is common.
Tipping: 10% is standard in restaurants (check if service is included).
Dress Code: Casual but modest—avoid flashy jewelry in cities.
Safety: Don’t walk alone at night in certain areas; use common sense.
Punctuality: Colombians are relaxed about time—expect delays.

Budgeting For Your Trip

Accommodation: Hostels (US$ $(U S$$ 50–150), luxury (US$200+).
Food: Street food (US$ $(U S$$ 8–15), fine dining (US$30+).
Transport: Buses (US$ $U S$$ 50–100), taxis (US$3–10/short ride).
Activities: Free (beaches, plazas), tours (US$ $d i v in g (U S$ 80+).

Daily Budget:

Budget: US$30–50 (hostels, street food, buses).
Mid-range: US$70–120 (hotels, restaurants, tours).
Luxury: US$200+ (boutique stays, private guides).

Internet & Mobile

Free Wi-Fi: Available in malls, cafes, and hostels (spotty in rural areas).
SIM Cards: Claro/Movistar (US$5–10 for 5GB data).
eSIMs: Supported (Airalo, Holafly).

Travel Insurance

Highly recommended—covers theft, medical emergencies, and adventure activities.
Check coverage for hiking (e.g., Lost City Trek), scuba diving, or motorbike rentals.
U.S. credit cards may offer limited coverage—verify before traveling.

Accomodation Options

From hostels to luxury stays, Colombia caters to all budgets.

Hotels:

Luxury: Sofitel Cartagena, Click Clack (Medellín) – US$150–300/night.
Mid-range: Hotel Dann Carlton (Bogotá), Casa San Agustín (Cartagena) – US$80–150.
Budget: Ibis, Hotel Dorado (US$30–70).

Hostels:

Selina (Medellín, Cartagena) – social vibe, US$15–30/bed.
Masaya (Bogotá, Santa Marta) – great for backpackers.

Airbnb/VRBO:

Best for groups—colonial homes in Cartagena (US$60–150/night).

Tip: Book ahead during festivals (December–January, Holy Week).

Getting Around

Colombia’s transport varies from modern to rustic—plan ahead.

Domestic Flights:

Fastest option for long distances (e.g., Bogotá to Cartagena, ~1.5 hrs, US$50–100).
Airlines: Avianca, LATAM, Viva Air (budget).

Buses:

Comfortable long-distance buses (e.g., Bogotá to Medellín, ~9 hrs, US$25–40).
Avoid night buses in risky areas; use reputable companies (e.g., Expreso Bolivariano).

Taxis/Rideshares:

Use apps (Uber, Didi, Cabify) or official taxis (request via hotels).
Always check the meter or agree on a fare beforehand.

Metro (Medellín):

Clean, efficient, and safe (US$0.80/ride). Connects to cable cars for stunning views.

Rental Cars:

Not recommended for first-timers—mountain roads can be dangerous.

Handy Tips

Colombia uses the Colombian Peso (COP), with bills in 2,000, 5,000, 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, and 100,000 denominations. Coins include 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1,000 COP.

Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport kiosks (poor rates). Use ATMs (labeled “ATH”) or banks for better rates.
Using Cards: Major credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are accepted in cities, but carry cash for small towns, markets, or taxis.
Tipping Etiquette: Tipping isn’t mandatory but appreciated.
- Restaurants/Bars: 10% if service isn’t included (check the bill).
- Taxis: Round up or tip 1,000–2,000 COP.
- Tour Guides: 10,000–20,000 COP per day for group tours.

Spanish is the official language. English is spoken in tourist areas, but basic phrases help:

“¿Dónde está el baño?” (Where’s the bathroom?)
“¿Cuánto cuesta?” (How much is this?)
“La cuenta, por favor” (The bill, please).
Pro Tip: Colombians are warm—greet with “buenos días/tardes” and a smile.

Colombia is safer than its reputation, but stay cautious in crowded areas (e.g., Bogotá’s La Candelaria, Medellín’s El Centro). Avoid flashing valuables.

Emergency Contacts:
- 123: Police/General emergencies.
- 125: Ambulance.
- #767: Tourist police (English-speaking).
- Your embassy: Keep details handy (major cities have U.S./EU consulates).

Colombia uses 120V/60Hz with Type A/B plugs (two flat pins or three pins). Bring an adapter if needed.

Tap water is generally safe in cities (Bogotá, Medellín), but stick to bottled water in rural areas. Ask for “agua sin gas” (still water) to avoid carbonated.

Major closures on:

1 Jan: New Year’s Day.
6 Jan: Three Kings’ Day (some closures).
March/April: Holy Week (Semana Santa; major processions).
1 May: Labor Day.
20 July: Independence Day (parades!).
7 Aug: Battle of Boyacá.
25 Dec: Christmas.
Note: Transport and hotels book up fast during holidays.

Stores: 9:00–20:00 (malls open later; smaller shops close for siesta 12:00–14:00).
Markets: Paloquemao (Bogotá) or Bazurto (Cartagena) for fresh fruit/artisans.
Pharmacies: Droguerías like Farmatodo often 24/7 in cities.

Bandeja Paisa: Hearty Antioquian platter with beans, chicharrón, egg, rice, and avocado.
Arepas: Corn cakes vary by region (try stuffed with cheese or eggs in coastal areas).
Ajiaco: Bogotá’s signature chicken and potato soup, with corn and guascas herbs.
Tamales Tolimenses: Banana-leaf wrapped parcels of corn dough with meat and vegetables.
Empanadas: Fried corn pockets filled with beef, chicken, or cheese, best with spicy ají sauce.
Lechona: Slow-roasted pork stuffed with rice and peas—typically from Tolima.
Mote de Queso: Caribbean coastal soup made with yam and salty cheese.
Postre de Natas: Creamy dessert made from boiled milk skin, cinnamon, and sugar.
Obleas: Wafer sandwiches filled with arequipe (Colombian dulce de leche), jam, and cheese.
Cocadas: Chewy coconut treats found in Cartagena and other coastal areas.

Alcoholic:

Aguardiente: Anise-flavored national liquor, especially popular in Antioquia and Cundinamarca.
Canelazo: Spiced hot drink with aguardiente, sugar, and cinnamon—common in mountain regions.
Refajo: Mix of beer and Colombiana soda—refreshing and perfect for BBQs.
Sabajón: Colombian eggnog-style drink, often made with aguardiente or rum.
Ron Medellín: Locally produced aged rum—smooth and often sipped straight.
Club Colombia: Premium beer brand with Blonde, Red, and Black varieties.
Águila: Light national lager—ubiquitous and beloved at soccer games and beach parties.

Non-Alcoholic:

Tinto: Small, strong black coffee—ubiquitous and part of daily Colombian life.
Lulada: Cali’s refreshing drink made from mashed lulo fruit, lime, and sugar.
Agua de Panela: Sweet drink made from melted unrefined cane sugar—served hot or cold.
Salpicón: Fruit cocktail drink with soda—colorful and sweet.
Colombiana: Creamy soda with a unique bubblegum/cola hybrid flavor.

Museo del Oro: Bogotá’s dazzling gold museum, showcasing pre-Columbian craftsmanship.
Ciudad Perdida: “Lost City” ruins in the Sierra Nevada—older than Machu Picchu.
Cartagena’s Walled City: UNESCO World Heritage site with cobbled streets and vibrant façades.
Carnaval de Barranquilla: One of the world’s biggest carnivals—music, masks, and tradition.
Medellín’s Comuna 13: Former no-go zone turned street art and urban innovation hub.
Popayán: Colonial city known for Holy Week processions and white-washed churches.
San Basilio de Palenque: First free African town in the Americas—living Afro-Colombian culture.
Zipaquirá Salt Cathedral: Underground church carved into a salt mine—both spiritual and surreal.
Tejo: National sport involving metal discs, beer, and explosive targets—try it with locals.
Wayuu Culture: Indigenous community of La Guajira, famous for their woven mochilas and myths.

Dance in Cali: Salsa capital of the world—lessons, live music, and late-night clubs.
Street Art Tours: Bogotá and Medellín offer vibrant, politically charged murals worth exploring.
Island Hopping in San Andrés: Snorkel in “The Sea of Seven Colors.”
River Rafting in San Gil: Colombia’s adventure capital for adrenaline seekers.
Coffee Farm Stays: Sleep among lush plantations in Salento or Manizales.
Beach Time in Palomino: Relaxed vibe with hammocks and surf on the Caribbean coast.
Paragliding over Chicamocha Canyon: Unmatched views and sheer drops.
Open-air cable cars in Medellín: Ride through mountain neighborhoods with stunning views.
Amazon Rainforest Treks: Guided excursions from Leticia into pristine jungle.
Tayrona Park Hikes: Jungle trails lead to untouched Caribbean beaches and ancient ruins.

Andrés Carne de Res (Chía/Bogotá): Part steakhouse, part carnival, all-night fiesta.
Café Havana (Cartagena): Live salsa band, dancing locals, and mojitos until dawn.
La Octava (Bogotá): Speakeasy-style bar with swings and neon art.
El Poblado (Medellín): Rooftop bars, mixology lounges, and vibrant street life.
BBC (Bogotá Beer Company): Colombian craft beer in cozy pubs across the country.
Alambique (Medellín): Creative cocktails in a library-themed lounge.
Santa Bárbara (Cali): Hip neighborhood with bars fusing music and dance.
Mistica (Cartagena): Caribbean-style cocktail bar with beachy vibes.
La Topa Tolondra (Cali): Authentic salsa bar—no frills, just rhythm.
Bogotá’s Zona T: Upscale nightlife zone with fashion-forward clubs and gourmet drinks.