BULGARIA
Welcome to Bulgaria! This ancient land in Southeast Europe is a vibrant tapestry of Thracian treasures, Roman ruins, and stunning natural beauty, from the majestic Balkan Mountains to the sun-kissed Black Sea coast. Prepare to delve into a rich history, unique traditions, and a culture celebrated for its hospitality and delicious cuisine.
Region: Southeast Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula
Capital: Sofia
Official Language: Bulgarian
Level of Travel Safety: Generally safe, but exercise normal precautions against petty crime, especially in crowded tourist areas and on public transport. Be aware of stray dogs in urban areas.
Why Visit Bulgaria?
Cultural Time Capsule: From Plovdiv’s Roman amphitheater to the medieval frescoes of Boyana Church, Bulgaria spans thousands of years in one trip.
Affordable Europe: Enjoy European charm at half the cost—meals, hotels, and activities are budget-friendly without compromising quality.
Mountain Escapes: Hike the Rila Mountains or ski in Bansko, a top winter destination.
Black Sea Beaches: Golden Sands and Sozopol offer sun, sea, and a buzzing nightlife scene.
Wine & Cuisine: Taste rich reds in Melnik and try shopska salad, banitsa, and grilled meats in cozy mehanas.
Orthodox Mysticism: Visit Rila Monastery, a spiritual and architectural masterpiece tucked in the mountains.
Essential Trip Information
Visa and Entry Requirements
Bulgaria is a member of the European Union, but not yet part of the Schengen Area. Entry requirements vary significantly based on your nationality.
Many nationalities, including citizens of the U.S., Canada, Australia, and most EU countries, can enter Bulgaria visa-free for stays up to 90 days within any 180-day period.
Always check specific visa requirements for your nationality on the official website of the Bulgarian Ministry of Foreign Affairs: https://www.mfa.bg/en/services-travel/consular-services/travel-bulgaria/
Passports must be valid for at least three months beyond your intended departure date from Bulgaria.
You may be asked to show proof of onward travel, accommodation bookings, and sufficient funds during immigration.
Currency
The official currency of Bulgaria is the Bulgarian Lev (BGN).
- Bills: 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 BGN. Coins: 1, 2 BGN and 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 50 stotinki (100 stotinki = 1 BGN).
- Current exchange rate (approximate): 1 US$ = 1.82 BGN (as of June 2025).
Best Ways to Handle Currency
- Before Your Trip: It’s not necessary to exchange a large amount of BGN beforehand. ATMs offer better rates upon arrival.
- During Your Trip: Use ATMs at major banks (e.g., DSK Bank, UniCredit Bulbank, Postbank) for the best exchange rates. Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are widely accepted in cities and larger towns, but always carry some cash (20-50 BGN, approximately US$11-27) for smaller vendors, local markets, and rural areas.
- What to Avoid: Avoid currency exchange kiosks in tourist areas, as they often have unfavorable rates and hidden fees. When paying with a card, always choose to be charged in Bulgarian Lev (BGN) if offered dynamic currency conversion; otherwise, you’ll pay higher exchange rates.
Language
Bulgarian is the official language, written in the Cyrillic alphabet.
English is increasingly spoken in tourist areas, larger cities, and by younger generations.
Helpful phrases (transliterated): “Zdravei” (Hello), “Blagodarya” (Thank you), “Izvinete” (Excuse me), “Kade e…?” (Where is…?). Learning a few basic Cyrillic letters can also be very helpful for reading signs.
Safety & Security
Bulgaria is generally safe for tourists, but be aware of petty crime like pickpocketing, especially in crowded tourist areas (e.g., Vitosha Boulevard in Sofia, Black Sea resorts, public transport).
Be cautious when using unofficial taxis; always agree on a price beforehand or use ride-sharing apps.
Emergency number: 112.
Health & Insurance
No special vaccinations are required for entry to Bulgaria.
Travel insurance is highly recommended, as healthcare services can be expensive for non-EU citizens.
Pharmacies are widely available. Tap water is generally safe to drink in most urban areas, but bottled water is preferred by many.
Transportation
Intercity Buses: The most comprehensive and efficient way to travel between cities. Services are frequent and generally reliable.
Trains: Slower than buses but can be scenic and often cheaper for long distances. Coverage is less extensive than the bus network.
Metro (Sofia): Modern and efficient, connecting key areas of the capital, including the airport.
Taxis/Ride-sharing: Available in larger cities (e.g., Yellow! Taxi, Uber/Bolt in Sofia). Always ensure meters are used or agree on a price.
Rental Cars: Good option for exploring rural areas and national parks, but road quality can vary, and local driving habits can be aggressive.
Price Level
Bulgaria is generally an affordable travel destination, especially compared to Western Europe, though prices in popular tourist areas like the Black Sea coast and Sofia can be higher.
Accommodation
- Budget: Hostels/guesthouses (US$15–35/night)
- Mid-range: 3-star hotels (US$40–80/night)
- Luxury: 4-5 star hotels (US$90+/night)
Food
- Quick eats: Street food (e.g., banitsa, kebapche) (US$2–5), bakeries (US$1–3)
- Casual dining: US$8–20/person
- Fine dining: US$30+/person
Drinks
- Beer: US$2–4 (bars), US$0.80–1.50 (supermarkets)
- Cocktails: US$6–10
- Coffee: US$1.50–3
Transportation
- Public transport (bus/metro in Sofia): US$0.80–1.20/ride (day passes: US$2.50–4)
- Taxis/Ride-sharing: US$5–15 for short trips in cities
- Intercity bus/train: US$10–30 for longer journeys
Money-Saving Tips
- Eat at local “mehana” (traditional taverns) for authentic and affordable meals.
- Utilize public transportation in cities.
- Consider staying in guesthouses in smaller towns for a more budget-friendly and authentic experience.
Explore Bulgaria
The vibrant capital city, located in western Bulgaria at the foot of Vitosha Mountain. Discover ancient Roman ruins, grand Orthodox cathedrals like Alexander Nevsky, and a lively arts scene. It’s a great blend of history and modernity.
One of Europe’s oldest continuously inhabited cities, situated in south-central Bulgaria. Explore its Roman Amphitheatre, charming Old Town with colorful 19th-century houses, and trendy Kapana district, boasting art studios and cafes.
Bulgaria’s medieval capital, perched dramatically on hills overlooking the Yantra River in north-central Bulgaria. Visit the impressive Tsarevets Fortress, a symbol of Bulgarian independence, and wander through its cobblestone streets.
Bulgaria’s medieval capital, perched dramatically on hills overlooking the Yantra River in north-central Bulgaria. Visit the impressive Tsarevets Fortress, a symbol of Bulgarian independence, and wander through its cobblestone streets.
Bulgaria’s premier ski resort, located in the Pirin Mountains of southwestern Bulgaria. Beyond skiing and snowboarding, it offers charming traditional architecture, hot springs, and a vibrant nightlife during winter.
A picturesque ancient town on a small peninsula on Bulgaria’s Black Sea coast. This UNESCO World Heritage site is famous for its well-preserved medieval churches and charming wooden houses. Perfect for history and seaside charm.
A charming coastal town on the northern Black Sea coast, known for its unique Palace of Queen Marie of Romania and the adjacent Botanical Garden. The garden boasts an impressive collection of cacti and succulents.
A UNESCO World Heritage site in southwestern Bulgaria, offering breathtaking alpine landscapes. Ideal for hiking, it features stunning glacial lakes, rugged peaks, and diverse flora and fauna.
A historic town in central Bulgaria, renowned for its perfectly preserved 19th-century Bulgarian Revival architecture. Stroll through its cobblestone streets and visit the beautifully restored house-museums that tell tales of the Bulgarian Uprising.
A stunning group of glacial lakes nestled high in the Rila Mountains of southwestern Bulgaria. Accessible by chairlift from Panichishte, they offer some of the most spectacular hiking trails and panoramic views in the country.
Smart Travel
Key Advantages:
- Lowest Prices
- Fewer Crowds
- Authentic Local Vibe
- Winter Sports (excluding peak)
- Cozy Atmosphere
Main Drawbacks:
- Cold Temperatures
- Shorter Days
- Limited Outdoor Activities (non-ski)
- Some closures
Key Regions:
- Bansko: Premier ski resort with lively après-ski scene.
- Plovdiv: Enjoy the ancient city without the summer crowds.
- Sofia: Explore museums and historical sites in a relaxed atmosphere.
- Veliko Tarnovo: Experience the medieval capital under a blanket of snow.
Key Advantages:
- Ideal Weather
- Manageable Crowds
- Reasonable Prices
- Festivals & Events
- Blooming Landscapes (Spring) & Autumn Colors (Autumn)
Main Drawbacks:
- Unpredictable Weather (Spring/Autumn)
- Some higher mountain trails might still be closed in early spring
- Potential for rain, especially in spring
Key Regions:
- Rose Valley (Kazanlak area): Witness the rose harvest in late spring.
- Black Sea Coast: Enjoy pleasant beach weather without the summer throngs.
- Rila Mountains: Perfect for hiking with comfortable temperatures and vibrant nature.
- Thracian Valley: Explore ancient tombs and vineyards in pleasant conditions.
- Sofia & Plovdiv: Ideal for city exploration and cultural events.
- Mid-Summer (June-August)
- Christmas and New Year Holiday Period
- Peak Ski Season (February-March)
Planning Your Trip
Local Customs And Etiquette
Nodding for “Yes” and Shaking for “No”: This is often the most confusing aspect for foreigners. A single nod typically means “no”, and shaking your head side-to-side means “yes”. This can vary, especially with younger generations who may adopt Western gestures, but it’s good to be aware.
Hospitality: Bulgarians are generally warm and hospitable. If invited to someone’s home, it’s customary to bring a small gift (flowers for the hostess, a bottle of wine).
Dress Code: Generally casual for sightseeing. When visiting churches, monasteries, or mosques, dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. Some monasteries may require women to cover their heads (scarves are sometimes provided).
Table Manners: It’s polite to keep your hands visible on the table (not in your lap). Tipping is customary.
Public Behavior: Public displays of affection are generally discreet. Avoid loud conversations in quiet public spaces.
Budgeting For Your Trip
Bulgaria is one of the more affordable destinations in Europe.
Accommodation:
- Hostels: US$10–25/night
- Mid-range hotels/guesthouses: US$40–80/night
- Luxury hotels: US$100+/night
Food:
- Street food/bakery items (banitsa, pastries): US$1–4
- Casual restaurant meal (lunch/dinner): US$8–15
- Mid-range restaurant meal with drinks: US$20–40
- Fine dining: US$50+
Transport:
- Local public transport (bus/metro ticket in Sofia): US$0.80–1.20 per ride
- Intercity bus: US$5–25 (depending on distance)
- Car rental: US$30–60/day
Activities:
- Museum/attraction entry: US$3–10
- Ski lift pass (daily): US$35–60
- Organized day tours: US$40–80
Daily Budget:
- Budget: US$40–70 (hostels, street food, public transport, free attractions)
- Mid-range: US$80–150 (mid-range hotels, sit-down meals, some paid attractions)
- Luxury: US$180+ (luxury hotels, fine dining, private transfers, guided tours)
Internet & Mobile
Free Wi-Fi: Widely available in hotels, guesthouses, cafes, and restaurants, especially in urban areas and tourist zones. Some public squares may also offer free Wi-Fi.
SIM Cards: Easy to purchase from mobile operators (A1, Yettel, Vivacom) at airports, official stores, and some kiosks. Prepaid plans are affordable, typically costing US$10–20 for a decent amount of data (e.g., 10-20 GB) valid for a month. You will need your passport for registration.
eSIMs: Becoming increasingly popular, with various international providers offering eSIMs for Bulgaria, allowing you to activate a local data plan without a physical SIM card.
Travel Insurance
Highly Recommended: Essential for medical emergencies, trip cancellations, lost luggage, and unexpected events. While healthcare in Bulgaria is generally affordable compared to Western Europe or North America, private medical care can be costly.
Medical Coverage: Ensure your policy covers emergency medical treatment and evacuation.
Winter Sports: If you plan on skiing or snowboarding, verify that your policy specifically covers winter sports activities, as some standard policies may exclude them.
Personal Belongings: Coverage for theft or loss of passports, money, and personal items can provide peace of mind.
Accomodation Options
Bulgaria offers a wide range of accommodation, from luxury hotels to charming guesthouses.
Luxury:
- City: Grand Hotel Millennium Sofia, Sense Hotel Sofia.
- Beachfront: International Hotel Casino & Tower Suites (Golden Sands).
- Ski Resorts: Kempinski Hotel Grand Arena Bansko.
Mid-range:
- Boutique Hotels: Hotel Vejjen (Plovdiv), Casa Ferrari (Sofia).
- Guesthouses: Often found in smaller towns and rural areas, offering authentic local experiences.
- Apartments: Widely available in cities via platforms like Booking.com or Airbnb.
Budget:
- Hostels: Common in major cities (Sofia, Plovdiv) and popular tourist hubs, offering dorm beds for US$10–25/night.
- Family-run Guesthouses: Particularly good value in traditional villages.
- Campsites: Available in national parks and near the coast.
Unique Stays:
- Traditional Revival Houses: In architectural reserves like Koprivshtitsa or Veliko Tarnovo.
- Mountain Huts (Hizhi): Basic accommodation for hikers in national parks, usually around US$10–20/night.
Tip: Book accommodation in advance during peak season (July-August for the coast, December-March for ski resorts) and around major festivals.
Getting Around
Bulgaria offers various transport options, from intercity buses to rental cars.
Trains:
- Coverage: Connects major cities like Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.
- Classes: First and second class are available. Second class is generally comfortable and much cheaper.
- Consider: Slower than buses for many routes, but can be scenic, especially through mountainous areas. Booking in advance isn’t usually necessary for domestic routes except around major holidays.
Buses:
- Extensive network: The most common and efficient way to travel between cities and towns.
- Cost: Generally inexpensive (US$5–25 for longer routes).
- Types: Public and private companies operate, with varying levels of comfort. Look for express or direct services for faster travel.
Taxis:
- Availability: Widely available in cities.
- Fares: Ensure the meter is used or negotiate a price beforehand. Beware of inflated prices, especially at airports or train stations. A short ride within a city usually costs US$3–10. Use apps like Yellow! Taxi or TaxiMe in Sofia for reliability.
Car Rentals:
- Recommended for: Exploring rural areas, national parks, and having maximum flexibility.
- Cost: Around US$30–60 per day, depending on the car type and rental duration.
- Consider: Roads are generally good, but some rural roads can be poorly maintained. A valid international driving permit is usually required in addition to your home license.
Domestic Flights:
- Limited: Mainly connect Sofia to Varna and Burgas (Black Sea coast).
- Cost: Can be around US$50–150, depending on the season and how far in advance you book. Primarily for time-saving on longer distances.
Bold Recommendation: Use buses for intercity travel due to their extensive network and affordability, and rent a car for exploring off-the-beaten-path destinations.
Handy Tips
Bulgaria uses the Bulgarian Lev (BGN). Approximate exchange rate: 1 USD ≈ 1.80 BGN (rates vary slightly).
Exchanging Currency: Avoid airport exchange kiosks and tourist-heavy exchange offices. Use ATMs (especially those at banks like DSK, UniCredit Bulbank, or Raiffeisenbank) for better exchange rates.
Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard) are accepted at most hotels, restaurants, and supermarkets. Carry cash for smaller shops, taxis, or village visits.
Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is appreciated but not always expected.
Restaurants/Bars: 10% is polite, round up if service is good.
Taxis: Round up to the next Lev.
Hotel Staff: US$1–2 per bag for porters; US$2–3 per day for housekeeping.
Tour Guides: US$5–10 per person for day/group tours
The official language is Bulgarian, a Slavic language using the Cyrillic alphabet. English is commonly spoken in cities and tourist areas, less so in rural regions.
Useful phrases:
“Здравейте” (Zdraveyte) – Hello
“Колко струва?” (Kolko struva?) – How much is it?
“Говорите ли английски?” (Govorite li angliyski?) – Do you speak English?
Pro Tip: Learning a few Cyrillic letters makes reading street signs and menus much easier.
Bulgaria is generally safe, but use caution in crowded areas like Sofia’s metro, markets, and beach resorts in the summer. Watch for pickpocketing.
Emergency Contacts:
112 – All emergencies (police, fire, medical).
Keep your embassy’s number saved if you’re staying long-term.
Tourist Police: Available in larger cities and beach resorts during summer.
Bulgaria uses 230V/50Hz with Type C and F plugs (two round pins).
Visitors from the U.S. will need a plug adapter.
Converters may be needed for high-powered devices (e.g., hairdryers), but most electronics (phones, laptops) are dual-voltage.
Tap water is safe to drink in Bulgaria.
In rural areas, bottled water is preferred for taste.
Restaurants typically serve bottled water; request tap water (“чешмяна вода” – chesmyana voda) if you prefer it.
Most businesses and institutions close on national holidays:
1 Jan – New Year’s Day
3 Mar – Liberation Day (national holiday)
1 May – Labor Day
6 May – St. George’s Day / Bulgarian Army Day
24 May – Day of Cyril and Methodius (Culture and Literacy Day)
6 Sep – Unification Day
22 Sep – Independence Day
1 Nov – Day of National Leaders (schools only)
24–26 Dec – Christmas
Note: Orthodox Easter dates vary; public holidays apply on Easter Sunday and Monday.
Shops: Open daily, usually 10:00–20:00, including weekends. Malls stay open until 21:00 or later.
Pharmacies: Most open 08:00–20:00; 24-hour options available in cities.
Markets: Morning to mid-afternoon. Don’t miss traditional open-air markets like Sofia’s Zhenski Pazar.
Banitsa: Flaky pastry filled with cheese and egg, a breakfast staple.
Shopska Salad: Tomato, cucumber, onion, and sirene cheese (a national favorite).
Kavarma: Slow-cooked pork or chicken stew with vegetables.
Tarator: Cold yogurt-cucumber-garlic soup, refreshing in summer.
Lukanka: Semi-dried spicy sausage, served thinly sliced with drinks.
Meshana Skara: Mixed grill of kebapche, kufte, and steak—meat lovers’ dream.
Sarmi: Vine or cabbage leaves stuffed with rice and minced meat.
Sirene po Shopski: Baked white cheese with tomatoes and egg in a clay pot.
Kyufte: Minced meatballs flavored with spices and herbs.
Baklava: Syrupy layered pastry with walnuts, popular during holidays.
Mekitsi: Fried dough topped with powdered sugar or jam—delicious with yogurt.
Alcoholic:
Rakia: Strong fruit brandy (grape or plum)—the national spirit.
Bulgarian Wine: Try Melnik red or Mavrud varietals; Bulgaria has ancient vineyards.
Kamenitza Beer: Popular lager.
Zagorka and Ariana: Widely available local beers.
Thracian wine region reds: Excellent for full-bodied wines.
Burgas 63 Rakia: Premium rakia for tasting sessions.
Non-Alcoholic:
Boza: Fermented wheat drink—an acquired taste, thick and slightly sour.
Ayran: Yogurt-based salty drink, refreshing in summer.
Mineral Water: Bulgaria has hundreds of mineral springs (e.g., Devin brand).
Compote: Homemade fruit juice from boiled fruits, often served in homes.
Mursalski Tea: Herbal mountain tea known for medicinal properties.
Elderflower Lemonade: Found in traditional cafes—light and floral.
Rila Monastery: UNESCO-listed Orthodox monastery in the mountains.
Thracian Tombs: Ancient sites in Kazanlak and Sveshtari.
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral: Majestic gold-domed church in Sofia.
Boyana Church: Medieval frescoes—UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Nestinari Fire Dance: Traditional barefoot dance on embers (Strandzha region).
Plovdiv’s Roman Stadium: Hidden under the main street—free to explore.
Rozhen Monastery: Tranquil mountain setting with panoramic views.
Veliko Tarnovo: Former capital with fortress views and cobbled lanes.
Etar Open-Air Museum: Crafts and architecture from Bulgaria’s past.
Koprivshtitsa: A town frozen in the National Revival era.
Vitosha Mountain: Hike, ski, or snowshoe just 30 mins from Sofia.
Plovdiv Old Town: Art galleries, cobbled streets, and the Roman theatre.
Sofia Opera House: Beautiful productions, affordable tickets.
Banya Bashi Mosque: Historic Ottoman architecture in Sofia.
Sandanski Spa: Thermal spa town in southern Bulgaria.
Nightlife in Sofia: From techno clubs to piano bars on Vitosha Boulevard.
Black Sea Beaches: Sunny Beach (party), Sozopol (historic charm), and Albena (family-friendly).
Kazanlak Rose Festival: Held in early June—celebrates Bulgaria’s famous rose oil industry.
Bansko Jazz Festival: Free concerts every August in the mountains.
The Seven Rila Lakes: Unmissable hiking destination, with stunning glacial lakes.
Bar Petak (Sofia): Creative cocktails and artsy vibe.
Sense Rooftop Bar: Views of Alexander Nevsky Cathedral with high-end drinks.
Yalta Club: Legendary electronic music venue.
Terminal 1: Live music, indie and rock-focused bar/club.
Kanaal: Best place for craft beer lovers in Sofia.
Club Maze: Underground club with a loyal following for Balkan beats.
PM Club: Chic spot popular with the late-night crowd.
Operapera: Eclectic mix of techno and house in Plovdiv.
Beach Bars in Varna: Mojito Bar and Cubo draw lively crowds.
Karandila Festival (Sliven): Wild mountain music party each summer.