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SAUDI ARABIA

Saudi Arabia is a land where ancient deserts whisper tales of empires and prophets. Dominated by the vast Rub’ al Khali, or Empty Quarter—the largest continuous sand desert in the world—the kingdom’s geography is as harsh as it is hauntingly beautiful. From the windswept escarpments of the Asir Mountains in the southwest to the coral-fringed coastline of the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia’s landscapes are unexpectedly diverse. The country straddles ancient caravan routes that once carried frankincense and spices, while the Red Sea coast shelters coral reefs that rival any in the tropics.

For millennia, Bedouin tribes moved across these deserts, guided by stars and survival, with traditions passed orally from generation to generation. In the 7th century, this land became the cradle of Islam, with Mecca and Medina anchoring the spiritual heart of over a billion people worldwide. Modern Saudi Arabia rose in the 20th century with the discovery of oil, transforming its society almost overnight. Today, the country is opening its doors to travelers, inviting them to explore petroglyphs, futuristic cities, and centuries-old oases alike.

Why Visit Saudi Arabia?

Timeless Desert Landscapes: Explore the surreal dunes of the Empty Quarter and the colorful rocks of AlUla.

Historic Wonders: Visit UNESCO-listed sites like Diriyah and the Nabatean tombs of Hegra, sister city to Petra.

Mecca and Medina: For Muslim travelers, these spiritual centers are deeply moving destinations.

Red Sea Reefs & Beaches: Dive into untouched coral reefs and swim off pristine coastlines near Jeddah and NEOM.

Modern Megacities: Witness Saudi Arabia’s futuristic ambition in Riyadh and the high-tech NEOM project.

Warm Arabian Hospitality: Bedouin culture still thrives, offering travelers tea, dates, and stories under the stars.

Smart Travel: Off-Season Deals & Delights

Key Advantages:

  • Absolute Lowest Prices: Flights and accommodation rates are at their absolute lowest due to the extreme heat and very few tourists. This is truly the best time for budget travelers.
  • Virtually No Crowds: Major attractions, historical sites, and cities will be almost empty, offering an incredibly intimate and unhurried experience.
  • Authentic Local Vibe: Experience Saudi Arabia with a strong local focus, as most tourism infrastructure caters primarily to residents during this period.
  • Indoor Attractions & Evening Culture: Many modern cities in Saudi Arabia are well-equipped with air-conditioned malls, museums, and entertainment venues, making indoor exploration very comfortable. Evenings are often vibrant as locals emerge after sunset.

Main Drawbacks:

  • Extreme Heat: Summer temperatures are intensely hot across most of the country, often exceeding 40°C (104°F) and sometimes reaching 50°C (122°F), making extended outdoor activity challenging.
  • Limited Outdoor Activities: Most daytime outdoor activities will be severely restricted due to the heat.
  • Shorter Operating Hours (Daytime): Some smaller, outdoor-focused businesses or attractions might have reduced daytime hours.
  • Ramadan/Eid Impact: If Ramadan falls in summer, it will impact daytime services. Eid holidays will bring domestic travel surges.

Key Regions:

  • Riyadh & Jeddah: Focus on air-conditioned museums, shopping malls, cultural centers, and enjoy the lively evening scene when temperatures drop. Many hotels offer excellent summer deals.
  • Taif & Abha (Asir Region): These mountainous cities offer comparatively milder temperatures (though still warm) due to their elevation, making them a more bearable option for summer travel and a popular escape for Saudi residents.
  • Red Sea Coast (Yanbu, Thuwal): While still hot, coastal breezes can offer some relief. Focus on water activities like diving and snorkeling, which can be done in the warm sea.

Key Advantages:

  • Ideal Weather: Pleasant temperatures for sightseeing and outdoor activities, without the extreme heat of summer. While parts of Saudi Arabia will still be warm, these months offer much more comfortable conditions.
  • Manageable Crowds: Tourist numbers are significantly lower than during major pilgrimage seasons (Hajj and Umrah peak times) and the mid-winter peak, offering a more relaxed experience at popular sites.
  • Reasonable Prices: Flights and accommodation are generally more affordable than during the peak winter months, offering better value without sacrificing too much on weather.
  • Cultural Events: Opportunities to experience local festivals and cultural events, though these vary and may not be tied to specific global events.
  • Blooming Deserts (Spring): In areas that receive rainfall, particularly in the northern regions, spring can bring a surprising bloom of wildflowers in the desert, offering a unique photographic opportunity.

Main Drawbacks:

  • Still Warm (especially May & September): While better than summer, temperatures, particularly in May and September, can still be very warm, especially in inland and southern regions.
  • Sandstorms: Spring and autumn can sometimes bring sandstorms, which can affect visibility and outdoor plans.
  • Ramadan/Eid Impact: If Ramadan falls within these months, business hours may be altered, and dining options during fasting hours may be limited for non-fasters. Eid holidays will see increased domestic travel and prices.

Key Regions:

  • Riyadh & Jeddah: These major cities are much more enjoyable in the shoulder seasons. Explore historical sites, modern architecture, and vibrant souqs without the intense summer heat or peak winter crowds.
  • AlUla: The ancient city of AlUla is stunning in spring and autumn, with comfortable temperatures for exploring Hegra, Dadan, and Jabal Ikmah. The softer light of these seasons enhances the dramatic landscapes.
  • Eastern Province (Dammam, Al Khobar): Enjoy the coastal areas and city attractions without the extreme humidity of summer.
  • Asir Region (Abha): While generally cooler than other parts of Saudi Arabia, spring and autumn offer very pleasant conditions for exploring the stunning mountainous landscapes and traditional villages.

Winter (December – February): This is Saudi Arabia’s peak tourist season. Prices for flights and accommodation are at their highest, especially around major events, festivals (like Riyadh Season and Winter at Tantora in AlUla), and school holidays. Popular attractions, particularly in cities like Riyadh, Jeddah, and AlUla, will be crowded due to pleasant weather and high demand. While the weather is generally ideal for outdoor exploration, the value for money is significantly lower.

Major Pilgrimage Seasons (Hajj & Umrah): The periods of Hajj (Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, date varies annually based on the Islamic calendar) and the peak Umrah seasons (often during Ramadan and certain public holidays) see a massive influx of pilgrims. During these times, prices for flights and accommodation, especially in Mecca and Medina, skyrocket, and the cities become extremely crowded. Non-pilgrimage tourism to these holy cities is often restricted or highly challenging during Hajj.

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Essential Trip Information

  • Saudi Arabia offers e-Visas for citizens of over 50 countries, including the US, UK, EU, and parts of Asia.

  • Apply via the Official Portal; the e-Visa costs approx. US$117, valid for multiple entries over one year.

  • Passport must be valid for at least 6 months upon arrival.

  • Visitors may be asked to show return tickets, hotel bookings, and proof of sufficient funds.

  • Travel for tourism, including cultural and historical events, is permitted, but religious tourism is restricted to Muslims for visits to Mecca and Medina.

The currency is the Saudi Riyal (SAR). 1 USD ≈ 3.75 SAR.

Best Ways to Handle Currency

  • Before Your Trip: Exchange a small amount; avoid airport counters.

  • During Your Trip: ATMs (Al Rajhi, SNB) offer good rates. Visa/Mastercard widely accepted.

  • What to Avoid: Informal money changers and accepting dynamic conversion in USD.

  • Arabic is the official language.

  • English is widely spoken in cities, especially in hotels and tourism sectors.

Helpful Phrases:

  • “Shukran” – Thank you

  • “Ayna al-hammam?” – Where is the bathroom?

  • “Min fadlak” – Please

  • Saudi Arabia is generally safe for tourists; laws are strict and enforced.

  • Solo female travelers are allowed but must dress modestly.

  • Avoid public political discussions.

  • Emergency number: 999 (police), 997 (ambulance)

  • No mandatory vaccines, but Hepatitis A, B, and Typhoid are recommended.

  • Tap water is safe in major cities, bottled water preferred in rural areas.

  • Travel insurance highly recommended.

  • Domestic flights (e.g., Saudia, Flynas) connect major cities.

  • Metro systems in Riyadh and Mecca expanding rapidly.

  • Taxis/Uber: Widely available and affordable.

  • Renting a car is possible but driving requires caution (international license needed).

Saudi Arabia ranges from affordable in rural areas to moderate in major cities.

Accommodation

  • Budget: Guesthouses, simple hotels (US$50–90/night)

  • Mid-range: Modern 3-4 star hotels (US$100–180/night)

  • Luxury: 5-star hotels (US$250+)

Food

  • Local eats: Shawarma/falafel meals (US$4–10)

  • Casual restaurants: US$15–30/person

  • High-end dining: US$50–80/person

Drinks

  • Alcohol is strictly prohibited. Instead, try fresh juices or Saudi coffee (gahwa).

Transportation

  • Uber/Careem: US$3–10 for most urban rides.

  • Intercity buses: US$10–30

  • Domestic flights: Start around US$60+

Money-Saving Tips

  • Use Careem daily packages for commuting.

  • Visit free public attractions like Al Balad (Jeddah) or Diriyah (Riyadh).

  • Eat at local chain restaurants (e.g., Al Tazaj, Herfy) for affordable meals.

Explore Panama

RIYADH
JEDDAH
ALULA
MECCA
MEDINA
ABHA (ASEER REGION)
THE EMPTY QUARTER (RUB’ AL KHALI)
FARASAN ISLANDS
EDGE OF THE WORLD
NEOM / THE LINE

Planning Your Trip

Saudi Arabia is vast, so plan travel between cities carefully. Local transport is improving rapidly.

Trains:

  • High-speed: Riyadh–Jeddah via Haramain Railway (US$40–60), fast and modern.
  • Other routes: Riyadh–Dammam (SAR), efficient and comfortable.
  • Book in advance, especially during holidays.

Buses:

  • SAPTCO and private lines cover major routes affordably (US$10–30).
  • VIP buses offer extra comfort (USB ports, AC, snacks).

Domestic Flights:

  • Best for long distances: Jeddah–Abha, Riyadh–Tabuk (US$50–100).
  • Carriers: Saudia, flyadeal, flynas.

Taxis & Ride-Hailing:

  • Uber and Careem are widely used and reliable in cities.
  • Local taxis: Meters often ignored; negotiate (US$5–15 for city rides).

Car Rentals:

  • Ideal for exploring remote areas like AlUla or the Empty Quarter.
  • ~US$40–80/day; 4WD recommended for desert areas.

Bold Recommendation: Use domestic flights for long distances and Uber/Careem for city travel; rent a car only for remote regions.

  • Dress Code:

    • Modest attire is expected. Women are not required to wear abayas but should dress conservatively.

    • Men: Avoid shorts in public places.

  • Tipping:

    • Not mandatory but appreciated—10–15% in restaurants.

    • Hotel staff: ~US$1–2 per bag.

  • Religion:

    • Daily prayers affect opening hours; shops may close briefly five times a day.

    • Non-Muslims cannot enter Mecca or central Medina.

  • Public Behavior:

    • Avoid public displays of affection.

    • Photography: Do not take photos of people without consent.

  • Alcohol:

    • Strictly prohibited; zero tolerance.

Bold Recommendation: Be respectful of religious customs and dress modestly—it’s key to a smooth experience.

  • Accommodation:

    • Budget hotels: US$30–60/night

    • Mid-range: US$90–150/night

    • Luxury: US$250–500+

  • Food:

    • Street eats or shawarma: US$3–6

    • Sit-down meal: US$10–20

    • Fine dining: US$50–100+

  • Transport:

    • Ride-hailing: US$5–15 per trip

    • Intercity trains or buses: US$10–60

    • Flights: US$50–100

  • Activities:

    • Many cultural attractions (museums, forts) are low-cost or free

    • AlUla Heritage Site pass: ~US$40

    • Red Sea snorkeling tour: ~US$60–100

Daily Budget:

  • Budget: US$70–100 (basic hotels, local food, buses)

  • Mid-range: US$150–250 (good hotels, some flights, guided tours)

  • Luxury: US$400+ (desert resorts, private drivers, premium experiences)

  • Free Wi-Fi:

    • Available in malls, airports, cafes, and some hotels.

  • SIM Cards:

    • STC, Zain, and Mobily stores at airports or malls.

    • Prepaid plans: ~US$30–50 for 10–20GB.

  • eSIMs:

    • Supported by Airalo, Holafly, and local carriers. Setup before arrival is best.

  • Highly recommended for:

    • Medical coverage in desert regions or smaller towns.

    • Flight cancellations (due to sandstorms or delays).

    • Lost luggage or theft—though crime is low, insurance adds peace of mind.

  • Adventure coverage:

    • Required for dune bashing, hiking, or diving. Check exclusions for desert sports.

Saudi Arabia’s hospitality scene ranges from ultra-modern hotels to desert camps.

  • Luxury:

    • Riyadh: The Ritz-Carlton, Narcissus Hotel.

    • Jeddah: Park Hyatt, Assila Hotel.

    • AlUla: Habitas AlUla – desert luxury with heritage views.

  • Mid-range:

    • Chains like Radisson Blu, Novotel in major cities (~US$90–150/night).

    • Local boutiques in Abha and Taif.

  • Budget:

    • Basic hotels and aparthotels (~US$30–60/night).

    • Fewer hostels; Airbnb options are growing.

  • Unique Stays:

    • Desert glamping near AlUla or Riyadh.

    • Traditional mud-brick inns in Najran.

Tip: Book accommodations early for Ramadan or Hajj season, especially near Mecca or Medina.

Saudi Arabia is vast, so plan travel between cities carefully. Local transport is improving rapidly.

  • Trains:

    • High-speed: Riyadh–Jeddah via Haramain Railway (US$40–60), fast and modern.

    • Other routes: Riyadh–Dammam (SAR), efficient and comfortable.

    • Book in advance, especially during holidays.

  • Buses:

    • SAPTCO and private lines cover major routes affordably (US$10–30).

    • VIP buses offer extra comfort (USB ports, AC, snacks).

  • Domestic Flights:

    • Best for long distances: Jeddah–Abha, Riyadh–Tabuk (US$50–100).

    • Carriers: Saudia, flyadeal, flynas.

  • Taxis & Ride-Hailing:

    • Uber and Careem are widely used and reliable in cities.

    • Local taxis: Meters often ignored; negotiate (US$5–15 for city rides).

  • Car Rentals:

    • Ideal for exploring remote areas like AlUla or the Empty Quarter.

    • ~US$40–80/day; 4WD recommended for desert areas.

Bold Recommendation: Use domestic flights for long distances and Uber/Careem for city travel; rent a car only for remote regions.

Handy Tips

Saudi Arabia uses the Saudi Riyal (SAR). Bills come in SAR 5, 10, 50, 100, and 500 denominations; coins include 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 halalas.

  • Exchanging Currency: Avoid exchanging money at the airport (high rates). Banks and ATMs offer better rates.

  • Using Cards: Credit/debit cards (Visa, Mastercard, Amex) are widely accepted, but carry small bills (SAR 5, 10, or 20) for tips, small purchases, or local transport.

  • Tipping Etiquette: Tipping is customary but not obligatory.

    • Restaurants/Bars: 10–15% of the bill (check if service charge is included).

    • Taxis/Rideshares: 5–10% or round up.

    • Hotel Staff: SAR 10–20 per bag for porters; SAR 10–15 per day for housekeeping.

    • Tour Guides: SAR 20–40 per person for group tours.

Arabic is the official language. English is widely understood, especially in cities. Helpful phrases:

  • “Where is the nearest hotel?”

  • “How much does this cost?”

  • “Can I pay by card?”
    Pro Tip: In Saudi Arabia, locals appreciate politeness and formality, especially when addressing authority figures.

Saudi Arabia is generally safe, but it’s important to stay vigilant in crowded areas, especially in markets or during Hajj season.

  • Emergency Contacts:

    • 997: Police

    • 998: Ambulance

    • 911: General emergencies

    • Your Embassy: Located in Riyadh or Jeddah (keep details handy).

Saudi Arabia uses 230V/50Hz with Type G plugs (three rectangular pins). Visitors from countries using 110V will need a voltage converter, in addition to a plug adapter.

Tap water is generally not recommended for drinking. Bottled water is widely available and often provided for free in hotels and restaurants.

Public offices and some businesses close on:

  • Eid Al-Fitr (dates vary depending on the Islamic calendar)

  • Eid Al-Adha (dates vary)

  • National Day: September 23
    Note: These dates shift every year based on the Islamic lunar calendar, so check in advance for specific holiday timings.

  • Stores: Typically 10:00–22:00, but hours may vary depending on the city. Malls tend to open later and close around midnight.

  • Pharmacies: 24/7 availability in most cities, especially in major malls.

  • Souks (markets): Usually open in the evening and stay open until late.

  • Kabsa: Saudi’s national dish—fragrant rice with lamb or chicken, spiced with cardamom, cinnamon, and cloves.

  • Mandi: Similar to kabsa but cooked underground for extra smoky flavor.

  • Mutabbaq: Stuffed savory pancake with spiced ground meat and onions.

  • Jareesh: Crushed wheat stew slow-cooked with meat and yogurt—comforting and hearty.

  • Samak Mashwi: Grilled fish seasoned with Arabic spices—best on the Red Sea coast.

  • Shawarma: Wraps filled with tender meat shaved off a spit, garlic sauce, pickles—street food classic.

  • Harees: Cracked wheat and meat porridge, slow-cooked until creamy—Ramadan favorite.

  • Falafel & Hummus: Deep-fried chickpea balls and creamy chickpea dip—Levantine staples loved across the Kingdom.

  • Dates (Ajwa/Medjool): A staple in Saudi life—try them fresh from Madinah.

  • Ma’amoul: Date-filled semolina cookies—served during Eid and special occasions.

  • Basbousa: Semolina cake soaked in rosewater syrup.

  • Kleicha: Spiced date cookies—often served with Arabic coffee.

  • Kunafa: Cheese-filled pastry topped with shredded phyllo and syrup—crispy and gooey delight.

Alcoholic:
Note: Alcohol is prohibited in Saudi Arabia; all drinks listed below are non-alcoholic alternatives or regional favorites.

Non-Alcoholic:

  • Qahwa (Arabic Coffee): Lightly roasted coffee with cardamom, often served with dates—hospitality ritual.

  • Laban: Chilled yogurt drink, slightly salty—refreshing in desert heat.

  • Jallab: Date syrup-based drink with rose water and pine nuts—sweet and rich.

  • Sobia: Creamy, spiced drink made from bread, tamarind, or barley—popular during Ramadan.

  • Karak Chai: Sweet tea brewed with milk and spices—Gulf favorite.

  • Mint Tea: Green tea infused with fresh mint—light and aromatic.

  • Tamarind Juice: Tangy, dark drink often served in traditional markets.

  • Pomegranate Juice: Especially popular in Taif—refreshing and tart.

  • Rose Water Lemonade: Fragrant twist on a classic—served in cafes.

  • Date Milkshake: Blends the Kingdom’s favorite fruit into a creamy delight.

  • Mecca: The holiest city in Islam, home to the Kaaba, which Muslims face during prayer.

  • Medina: Visit the Prophet’s Mosque, one of Islam’s holiest sites.

  • Diriyah: Explore the historic mud-brick town in Riyadh, the birthplace of Saudi Arabia.

  • Jeddah Historical District (Al-Balad): Wander through the old town with its traditional coral houses.

  • Al-Ula: Known for its stunning rock formations and archaeological ruins.

  • Masmak Fortress: A historical landmark in Riyadh, offering insights into Saudi Arabia’s founding.

  • National Museum of Saudi Arabia: Learn about the history and heritage of the Arabian Peninsula.

  • Tuwaiq Mountains: A majestic mountain range perfect for hiking and outdoor adventures.

  • Al Khobar Corniche: A scenic coastal promenade with views of the Persian Gulf.

  • Al Faisaliah Tower: One of Riyadh’s iconic landmarks with a view of the city’s skyline.

  • Al Ula: Explore the UNESCO World Heritage site, an ancient city with rock formations and tombs.

  • Kingdom Centre Tower: Visit the Skybridge for stunning views of Riyadh.

  • Red Sea Coast: Snorkel or dive in the crystal-clear waters of the Red Sea, especially around Jeddah.

  • King Abdulaziz Historical Center: A cultural site in Riyadh showcasing Saudi history.

  • National Museum: Offers a deep dive into Saudi Arabia’s rich history and culture.

  • Camel Racing: Attend a camel race, a traditional sport in Saudi Arabia.

  • Al Masmak Fortress: A historical site in Riyadh showcasing Saudi Arabia’s past.

  • Jeddah Corniche: A beautiful seaside walk with parks, fountains, and sculptures.

  • Desert Safari: Take a thrilling ride through the desert dunes, especially near Riyadh or Jeddah.

  • Hajj Pilgrimage: If you’re visiting during the right season, experiencing the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca is a spiritual journey.

  • Sheesha Cafes: Popular across cities—relax with flavored tobacco and Arabic coffee.

  • Rooftop Lounges (Riyadh & Jeddah): Trendy non-alcoholic mocktail bars with skyline views.

  • Boutique Cinemas (Muvi, Vox): Modern movie houses—many offer luxury seating and snacks.

  • Cultural Nights (AlUla): Traditional music, poetry, and storytelling under the stars.

  • Desert Safari Nights: Campfire dinners, stargazing, and camel rides.

  • Fine Dining (Riyadh’s Boulevard or Jeddah’s Corniche): World-class global and fusion cuisine.

  • Mocktail Menus: Fancy blends of pomegranate, saffron, mint—crafted like artisan cocktails.

  • Open-air Cafés (Khobar): Lively social hubs serving coffee, desserts, and mezze.

  • Live Music (via licensed venues during festivals): Performances by regional artists—check seasonal events.

  • NEOM Experiences: Exclusive pop-up beach lounges and immersive events (invitation-only during soft launches).

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